Blazars are thought to emit highly-collimated outflows, so-called jets. By their close alignment to our line of sight, relativistic beaming effects enable us to observe these jets over the whole electromagnetic spectrum up to TeV energies, making them ideal laboratories for studying jet physics. In the last years multiwavelength observations of blazars provided us with detailed data sets which ...

Ultrafast time-resolved pump-probe spectroscopy was studied to clarify the detailed mechanism in the photodissociation process of oxyhemoglobin in the visible spectral range. The photodissociation had not been time-resolved and only the upper limit of the time needed for the dissociation process was claimed to be faster than 50 fs; it was time-resolved to be 45 +/- 5 fs with 10 fs time resoluti...

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A spectral analysis of anisotropic magnetohydrodynamic turbulence, in presence of a constant magnetic field, is presented using high-resolution direct numerical simulations. A method of decomposing the spectral space into ring structures is presented and the energy transfers between such rings are studied. This decomposition method takes into account the angular dependency of energy transfers i...

We report the first direct observation of an interfacial charge-transfer complex using second-harmonic spectroscopy. The second-harmonic spectrum of catechol adsorbed on 0.4 micron-sized TiO2 (anatase) colloidal particles in aqueous suspension reveals a charge-transfer band centered at 2.72 eV (456 nm). In addition, the adsorption isotherm of catechol on the colloidal TiO2 suspension was obtain...

let $r$ be a commutative ring and let $m$ be an $r$-module. in this article, we introduce the concept of the zariski socles of submodules of $m$ and investigate their properties. also we study modules with noetherian second spectrum and obtain some related results.

a multicone graph is defined to be join of a clique and a regular graph. a graph $ g $ is  cospectral with  graph $ h $ if their adjacency matrices have the same eigenvalues. a graph $ g $ is  said to be  determined by its spectrum or ds for short, if for any graph $ h $ with $ spec(g)=spec(h)$, we conclude that $ g $ is isomorphic to $ h $. in this paper, we present new classes of  multicone g...

Cognitive radio is a new paradigm in wireless communication to improve the spectrum utilization in cognitive radio networks. Cooperative spectrum sensing techniques improves the sensing performance but at the cost of increased energy consumption. Here, in this paper, we propose an energy efficient algorithm which optimizes both sensing time and number of participants in OR rule of cooperative s...

Multiphoton micro-spectroscopy, employing diffraction optics and electron-multiplying CCD (EMCCD) cameras, is a suitable method for determining protein complex stoichiometry, quaternary structure, and spatial distribution in living cells using Förster resonance energy transfer (FRET) imaging. The method provides highly resolved spectra of molecules or molecular complexes at each image pixel, an...