Auditory cortical oscillations have been proposed to play an important role in speech perception. It is suggested that the brain may take temporal "samples" of information from the speech stream at different rates, phase resetting ongoing oscillations so that they are aligned with similar frequency bands in the input ("phase locking"). Information from these frequency bands is then bound togeth...

A solution based on a Kalman filter to trace the evolution of the atmospheric boundary layer (ABL) sensed by an elastic backscatter lidar is presented. An erf-like profile is used to model the mixing layer top and the entrainment zone thickness. The extended Kalman filter (EKF) enables to retrieve and track the ABL parameters based on simplified statistics of the ABL dynamics and of the observa...

Excised leaves of the succulent plant Bryophyllum fedtschenkoi show an endogenous circadian rhythm in their rate of carbon dioxide emission (17,18). The rhythm occurs when leaves kept at a constant temperature and in an air stream initially free from carbon dioxide are transferred from light to prolonged darkness. The entrainment of the basic oscillating system in Bryophyllum leaf cells by vari...

The entrainment process in two-phase buoyant jets differs significantly from their singlephase counterparts, and is not well understood. Entrainment models developed for singlephase flow are often used in two-phase jetting simulations, albeit with limited success. In this work, Particle Image Velocimetry (PIV) and shadowgraph flow visualization experiments have been conducted on submerged round...

A bout 15 years ago, Waldo and associates' first described that a tachycardia could be transiently accelerated to a faster rate by overdrive pacing without fundamentally altering the underlying tachycardia, a phenomenon they called transient entrainment. That first description of transient entrainment applied to atrial flutter but was soon extended to ectopic atrial tachycardias,2 atrioventricu...

Establishing that a circadian rhythm is abnormal tells us little about the cause, which can arise from changes in the patient's lifestyle, irregularities of the body clock or a malfunction in the process of entrainment of the clock. In a clinical context, such a range of possible explanations implies differences in the most appropriate mode of treatment. Against this background, the conventiona...

Besides its role in vision, light impacts physiology and behavior through circadian and direct (aka 'masking') mechanisms. In Smith-Magenis syndrome (SMS), the dysregulation of both sleep-wake behavior and melatonin production strongly suggests impaired non-visual light perception. We discovered that mice haploinsufficient for the SMS causal gene, Retinoic acid induced-1 (Rai1), were hypersensi...

5 Properties of the transition to strong deep convection, as previously observed in satellite pre6 cipitation statistics, are analyzed using parcel stability computations and a convective plume 7 velocity equation. A set of alternative entrainment assumptions yield very different char8 acteristics of the deep convection onset boundary (here measured by conditional instability 9 and plume vertic...

We characterize some intriguing aspects of the entrainment behavior of coupled oscillators by means of a perturbation analysis of the partially synchronized solution of the classical Kuramoto-Sakaguchi model. The analysis reveals that partial entrainment may disappear with increasing coupling strength. It also predicts the occurrence of resonances: partial entrainment is induced in oscillators ...

We analyze a long-wavelength model of viscous entrainment from a nozzle and show that, when appropriate large-scale boundary conditions are imposed, the entrainment transition can become continuous. As the entrainment threshold is approached from above, the entrained steady-state spout becomes vanishingly thin compared to the nozzle radius and takes the form of a thin tendril emerging from a ba...