This study assessed the productivity and performance of the barangays in the Heritage City of Vigan in terms of the barangays’ resource requirements, management of resources, produced goods and services, and outcomes of service delivery. The descriptive research design was used in the study employing the input-process-output-outcomes model. Findings of this study showed that the barangays were ...

In 2007, we applied MCMC to approximately calculate the ratio of essential graphs (EGs) to directed acyclic graphs (DAGs) for up to 20 nodes. In the present paper, we extend our previous work from 20 to 31 nodes. We also extend our previous work by computing the approximate ratio of connected EGs to connected DAGs, of connected EGs to EGs, and of connected DAGs to DAGs. Furthermore, we prove th...

This paper examines whether the customs valuation systems and rules of origin are sufficiently attuned to changing landscape commercial realities characterised by new diverse configurations goods-services trade. It proposes a framework categorise relevant trade applies it identify potential challenges arising from current procedures for determination. While existing provide an adequate structur...

Background Engineered or enhanced geothermal systems (EGS) have been promoted as a technology that exploits geothermal heat and power production from regions of the crust devoid of shallow high enthalpy reservoirs (also referred to as high-grade hydrothermal resources) (e.g., MIT 2006). The status of EGS development was reviewed by Breede et al. (2013) who reported on 14 EGS projects that were ...

Taxing consumption in the digital economy poses unique challenges for fiscal authorities. Recent institutional reforms, such as states changing remittance rules sales and use tax following Supreme Court decision South Dakota v. Wayfair, were enacted to increase revenue collections create a more neutral system. Although these reforms induced remote vendors remit taxes on destination basis, gains...