Secondhand smoke (SHS) is a major risk factor for poor health outcomes among women in China, where proportionately few women smoke. This is especially the case as it pertains to women's reproductive health, specifically migrant women who are exposed to SHS more than the population at large. There are several factors which may increase migrant women's risk of SHS exposure. This paper aims to inv...

As the discussion below makes clear, both lean and six sigma work best when they are implemented using the structured decision-making tools featured in the Systems Approach for Process Improvement.TM The Systems Approach enhances both lean and six sigma -and can even help integrate the two methodologies. For an explanation of how the Systems Approach is implemented, see Exhibit 1. For brief des...

Simulating emission and chemical evolution of coarse sea-salt particles in the Community Multiscale Air Quality (CMAQ) model J. T. Kelly, P. V. Bhave, C. G. Nolte, U. Shankar, and K. M. Foley Atmospheric Modeling and Analysis Division, National Exposure Research Laboratory, Office of Research and Development, US Environmental Protection Agency, RTP, NC, USA Institute for the Environment, Univer...

Critical environmental and human health concerns are associated with the rapidly growing fields of nanotechnology and manufactured nanomaterials (MNMs). The main risk arises from occupational exposure via chronic inhalation of nanoparticles. This research presents a chance-constrained nonlinear programming (CCNLP) optimization approach, which is developed to maximize the nanaomaterial productio...

The EPA Regional Ground Water Forum is a group of EPA professionals representing Regional Superfund and Resource Conservation and Recovery Act (RCRA) Offices, committed to the identification and resolution of ground-water issues impacting the remediation of Superfund and RCRA sites. The Forum is supported by and advises the Superfund Technical Support Project. Emerging technologies that could p...

Formal models are an established technology for research in the environmental sciences. For several years now there has been an effort to enhance the re-usability of computer models for research purposes and to transfer the perceived benefits of formal modelling to environmental planning and policymaking. These efforts have resulted in the creation of a variety of support tools including DSS an...

We report 4.5 μm luminosities for 27 nearby (D . 5 Mpc) dwarf irregular galaxies measured with the Spitzer Infrared Array Camera. We have constructed the 4.5 μm luminosity-metallicity (L–Z) relation for 25 dwarf galaxies with secure distance and interstellar medium oxygen abundance measurements. The 4.5 μm L–Z relation is 12+log(O/H) = (5.78 ± 0.21) + (−0.122 ± 0.012) M[4.5], where M[4.5] is th...

conclusions components of social support, totally account for 19% of resiliency variance value of patient; the components of social support, family, friends, and other people’s support at only had lower contribution in predicting resiliency. support of this group of people to increase their resiliency seems necessary. results there was a significant association between social support and resili...

BACKGROUND There is increasing appreciation of the proportion of the health burden that is attributed to modifiable population exposure to environmental health hazards. To manage this avoidable burden in the United Kingdom (UK), government policies and interventions are implemented. In practice, this procedure is interdisciplinary in action and multi-dimensional in context. Here, we demonstrate...

BACKGROUND The environment has a great influence on people's lifestyles and their capacity to choose healthy habits. The aim of this study was to investigate the association between perceived environment and physical activity among adults living in the city of São Paulo, Brazil. METHODS This was a cross-sectional population-based study conducted with 890 people age 18 years or over. Physical ...