Health effects related to polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs), which include 209 possible congeners exhibiting a variety of chlorine substitution patterns (Fig. 1), are the subject of numerous research investigations. Individual members of this family evoke diverse responses in experimental models and in humans. Certain PCB congeners mimic hormones and are neurotoxic (1-3). Others produce a dioxin...

Walter, Jinks E. (University of Pittsburgh, Pittsburgh, Pa.), and Robert W. Atchison. Epidemiological and immunological studies of Cryptococcus neoformans. J. Bacteriol. 92:82-87. 1966.-The complement-fixation fluorescent-antibody test provided a means of differentiating between antibodies of Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans. The test was applied to the sera of 134 pigeon fanciers f...

BACKGROUND Diarrhoea remains a leading cause of morbidity and mortality but is difficult to measure in epidemiological studies. Challenges include the diagnosis based on self-reported symptoms, the logistical burden of intensive surveillance and the variability of diarrhoea in space, time and person. METHODS We review current practices in sampling procedures to measure diarrhoea, and provide ...

This paper reviews and summarizes the epidemiological studies presented at the Symposium on the Health Effects of Acid Aerosols. Two studies of acute episodes examined different indicators of respiratory morbidity before, during, and after the January 1985 air pollution event in western Europe. In the U.K. no increase in respiratory morbidity, as reported by a group of general practitioners, wa...

Red blood cell membrane cation transport was measured in five population-based surveys and two randomized, controlled, dietary intervention studies to examine its associations with demographic, biological, and dietary variables in free-living individuals. A total of 508 individuals, 255 with high blood pressure, were studied. Both sexes, blacks and whites, and several age groups were represente...

The paper by Aalen et al. is a timely discussion of an important topic. However, it conflates two concepts, frailty and heterogeneity, which are best kept apart. I would use the term frailty only when there is clear biological evidence that a fraction of the population is either exclusively at risk, or at vastly increased risk compared with the general population, of contracting a disease. An e...

Standardized and cost-effective biological sample collection, processing, and storage procedures are needed in large-scale epidemiological studies to provide material for testing a broad range of etiological hypotheses. One component of sample collection in the Prostate, Lung, Colorectal and Ovarian Cancer Screening Trial involves shipment of blood in acid-citrate-dextrose anticoagulant to a ce...

Studies involving health status of bicycle manufacturing industrial workers exposed to chemicals and unexposed workers of the same industry who formed control were conducted at Sonepatin Haryana State, India. Negligence of industrial hygiene and personal protection affected the health of exposed workers adversely Epidemiological spectrum of exposed subjects showed much variation from control. S...

C O N T E N T S I N T R O D U C T I O N . E P I D E M I O L O G I C A L P R I N C I P L E S RELEVANT T O D I E T A R Y S T U D I E S . D E F I N I N G EXPOSURE A N D O U T C O M E . G E N E R A L ISSUES T O BE C O N S I D E R E D W H E N ASSESSING D I E T A R Y E X P O S U R E S . COMPLEXITY OF DIETARY EXPOSURE. D 0 SE-R E S P 0 N S E RE L A T I 0 N S H I P . PH Y SI OLOG I c A L/M ETA BOL I c ...