Six quaternary phosphonium salts (QPSs) in combination with phosphotungstic heteropolyacid, H3PW12O40, were tested the epoxidation of rapeseed oil fatty acid methyl esters a hydrogen peroxide aqueous solution. The QPSs consisted trihexyl(tetradecyl)phosphonium [P6], tributyl-tetradecylphosphonium [P4] or tetraoctylphosphonium [P8] cation and different anions—chloride (Cl−), bromide (Br−), tetra...

Bio-based epoxy curing agents from lignin was synthesized by ring-opening reactions of cyclic aza-silane species to obtain lignin-based with amine hydroxyl equivalent weights up 68 g/eq. Its cure kinetics investigated differential scanning calorimetry in which two representative aromatic and aliphatic were employed being diglycidyl ether bisphenol F (DGEBF) epoxidized soybean oil (ESBO). Utiliz...

Abstract In spite of the high electrical conductivity carbon nanotube (CNT), its tendency to aggregate and expensive cost in fabricating aerogel, foams, porous materials remains a problem. Therefore, we described simple feasible way design light-weight, electrically conductive, cost-efficient polylactic acid (PLA)/CNT foams. The branched PLA (BPLA) resin with excellent melt elasticity foamabili...