This paper emphasizes a possibility for the utilization the 1st Erlang formula in asynchronous networks. This statement is possible on the basis of research of statistical features of traffic source input flow. We consider ATM network type where in the case of VP important parameters are as follows: loss B , link utilization ρ and bandwidth c . The evidence for utilization the 1st Erlang formul...

We derive a simple formula for the change in output when a device fails in a power-combining structure with identical matched devices. The loss is written in terms of the scattering coefficient of the failed device and reflection coefficient of an input port in the combining network. We apply this formula to several power combiners, including arrays in free space and enclosed waveguide structur...

We propose a mathematical formula that predicts the trajectory of the recovery from lobar gray and white matter volume deficits in individuals with sustained abstinence from alcohol. The formula was validated by using MRI-measured volumetric data from 16 alcohol dependent individuals who had brain scans at three time points during abstinence from alcohol. Using the measured volumetric data of e...

I review existing methods for determining mass-loss rates of red giants and red supergiants based on infrared data. The simplest method is based on models for the absorption and emission by dust which forms in the dense outflows from these cool stars. I discuss the parameters and assumptions upon which the method relies, review relationships between the mass-loss rate and infrared colours or fa...

This paper analyses the relative role of protection and mitigation expenditures within the total costs of climate change induced sea level rise. It derives a rule of thumb to approximate the optimal level of protection. Economic efficiency requires that protection expenditures are designed such that the sum of protection costs plus remaining land loss damage is minimised. A formula is derived a...

We measured the phonon dispersion of silicene (monolayer Si with a honeycomb lattice) on ZrB2(0 0 0 1) using high-resolution electron energy loss spectroscopy. The measured phonon dispersion was compared with ab initio density functional theory calculations for a silicene model with [Formula: see text] periodicity of the substrate. The most stable [Formula: see text] silicene structure, which i...

The Myers and Read capital allocation formula is an important new actuarial result. In this paper, we give an overview of the Myers and Read result, explain its significance to actuaries, and provide a simple proof. Then we explain the assumption the allocation formula makes on the underlying families of loss distributions as expected losses by-line vary. We show that this assumption does not h...

The concept of Value at Risk measures the “risk” of a portfolio and is a statement of the following form: With probability q the potential loss will not exceed the Value at Risk figure. It is in widespread use within the banking industry. It is common to derive the Value at Risk figure of d days from the one of one–day by multiplying with √ d. Obviously, this formula is right, if the changes in...

The depth-resolved chemical structure and magnetic moment of [Formula: see text], thin films grown on Si(1 1 1) have been determined using x-ray and polarized neutron reflectometry. Bulk-like magnetization is retained across the majority of the film, but reduced moments are observed within 45[Formula: see text] of the surface and in a 25[Formula: see text] substrate-interface region. The reduce...

This report examines potential stability problems associated with a model based apporach to TCP-friendly ow control for non-TCP traac. In speciic, such an approach involves using a TCP-friendly formula that estimates the throughput of a TCP session with the same end-to-end traac characteristics as the non-TCP connection under consideration. The inputs to this formula include the round trip time...