Medical education in North America changed dramatically during the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries. Although American medical schools had begun to establish ties with major universities in the 870s,1 few physicians in this country had any meaningful exposure to high quality basic science. According to William G. Rothstein,2 there were 65 medical schools in 860, 75 in 870, 00 i...

Approved: ____________________________________ Ernest T. Pascarella ____________________________________ Professor, Educational Policy and Leadership Studies ____________________________________ Date

The iceberg once seemed the perfect image to represent the global dilemma of vascular diseases: the apex of heart disease, stroke and chronic kidney disease was visible over the horizon's edge, with the bloated and often under-diagnosed epidemics of hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and common risk factors lurking in the depths below. The iceberg also floated in colder waters, a handy metaphor f...

In the area of mood profiling, six distinct profiles are reported in literature, termed iceberg, inverse Everest, shark fin, surface, and submerged profiles. We investigated if prevalence varied by sex, age, education among a large heterogeneous sample. The Brunel Mood Scale (BRUMS) was completed via website 15,692 participants. A seeded k-means cluster analysis used to confirm profiles, discri...