Wagner: This is a case of infantile esotropia. Six weeks following a 6-mm recession of the right and left medial rectus muscles in a 7-month-old infant with typical infantile esotropia findings and no vertical deviation at all, you find a residual esotropia of 12 prism diopters. Dr. Wang, what is your management at this time? Wang: Is the 12 diopters distance, near, or both? Wagner: We’ll say i...

To the Editors: I read with interest the article, “Analysis of Risk Factors for Consecutive Exotropia and Review of the Literature” by Yurdakul and Ugurlu.1 The authors are to be congratulated in documenting their findings of increased risk factors for the development of consecutive exotropia such as anisometropia, amblyopia, and postoperative adduction defects. The authors reported that “no at...

Purpose. Case report describing an eight-month-old infant presenting with intermittent esotropia and irritability who was found to have malignant (grade 4) hypertensive retinopathy and mid-aortic syndrome. Methods. Visual acuity was 6/140 in the right eye and not recordable in the left eye. Blood pressure was as high as 230/120 mmHg. Fundoscopy revealed bilateral optic disc swelling, macular st...

OBJECTIVE To describe our results using augmented temporal superior rectus transposition (SRT) with adjustable medial rectus muscle recession (MRc) for treatment of Duane syndrome and sixth nerve palsy. METHODS Retrospective surgical case review of patients undergoing SRT. Preoperative and postoperative orthoptic measurements were recorded. Minimum follow-up was 6 weeks. Main outcome measures...

INTRODUCTION In esotropia with larger angles > near than at distance, splitting of the medial rectus muscle has been suggested as a treatment option. Previous reports of bilateral medial rectus Y-splitting as a first intervention showed a reduction of the distance/near disparity with fewer side effects compared to posterior fixation surgery. We address whether a medial rectus Y-splitting as a s...