One of the fundamental problems in developed and under developing countries has been a growing need to develop new sources of energy, especially in the transportation sector. This problem is not only for the oil importing countries but some of the oil-producing countries are also faced with the problem. Biodiesel is a biofuel that is produced from renewable materials such as animal fats and veg...

in this thesis, a new optically active poly(amide-imide) (pai) was synthesized by the indirect polycondensation reaction of the l-phenylalanine based diacid chloride and 4,4?-diaminodiphenylether in the presence of triethylamine in n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone. the formation of pai was confirmed by ftir, 1h nmr and elemental analysis. in next step, the surface of titanium dioxide (tio2) nanoparticles...

abstract type-ii fuzzy logic has shown its superiority over traditional fuzzy logic when dealing with uncertainty. type-ii fuzzy logic controllers are however newer and more promising approaches that have been recently applied to various fields due to their significant contribution especially when the noise (as an important instance of uncertainty) emerges. during the design of type- i fuz...

 Among the most important factors affecting energy consumption in the building sector are social and economic conditions, the culture of energy consumption, geographical and climatic characteristics of a city, the role of a city, efficiency of energy supply and consumption systems, and physical/spatial parameters of buildings and residential fabrics. Addressing urban form through planning ...

The present study, in addition to investigating the impacts of GDP and gasoil consumption as the biggest consumed petroleum product in Iranian transportation sector, by introducing petroleum product intensity, studied their effects on CO2 emission in this sector.  To evaluate the impact of the variables, we estimated an autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) model between the years 1996 and 201...