Estrogen is a critical steroid in human physiology exerting its effect both at the transcriptional level as well as at the level of rapid intracellular signaling through second messengers. Many of estrogen's transcriptional effects have long been known to be mediated through classical nuclear steroid receptors but recent studies also demonstrate the existence of a 7-transmembrane G protein-coup...

A substantial advance in our understanding on the estrogen signaling occurred in the last decade. Estrogens interact with two receptors, ESR1 and ESR2, also known as ERalpha and ERbeta, respectively. ESR1 and ESR2 belong to the nuclear receptor family of transcription factors. In addition to the well established transcriptional effects, estrogens can mediate rapid signaling, triggered within se...

Estrogen is a hormone critical in the development, normal physiology and pathophysiology1 of numerous human tissues2. The effects of estrogen have traditionally been solely ascribed to estrogen receptor a (ERa) and more recently ERb, members of the soluble, nuclear ligand–activated family of transcription factors3. We have recently shown that the seventransmembrane G protein–coupled receptor GP...

Regulation of the uterine expression of estrogen and progesterone receptors was studied in 20 three-month-old lambs that were not treated or treated with estradiol- 17beta. Determinations of receptors were performed by binding assays in the nuclear and cytosolic fractions, receptor mRNAs by solution hybridization, and estrogen receptor protein by an enzyme-immunoassay. Estradiol treatment decre...

Apoptosis prevents osteoporosis G randmothers everywhere know well that estrogen defi cits lead to osteoporosis. Now, the molecular basis for this debilitating bone loss is fi nally identifi ed. Estrogen is needed to kill off bone-destroying osteoclasts, show Takashi Nakamura, Shigeaki Kato (University of Tokyo, Japan), and colleagues. The root cause of osteoporosis has been diffi cult to pin d...

The reliability of the rabbit monoclonal antibodies SP1, SP2, SP3, and 4B5 was immunohistochemically assessed on a range of 96 invasive breast carcinomas and the results compared with those achieved with established antibody markers for estrogen receptors (6F11), progesterone receptors (PgR636), and HER2 (polyclonal A0485 and clone CB11), with HER2 status validated by fluorescence in situ hybri...

AIM The purpose of the present study is to evaluate the relationship between endometrial concentrations of estrogen and progesterone receptors throughout the menstrual cycle in women with unexplained infertility. MATERIAL AND METHODS In forty four infertile women with unexplained infertility, biopsy of the endometrium was performed during simultaneous laparoscopy and hysteroscopy. Material wa...

A substantial proportion of human breast cancers contain estrogen receptors, and it is believed that the growth of some of these tumors and their synthesis of specific proteins are stimulated by estrogens. Since natural estrogens, such as estradiol, react reversibly with estrogen receptors, it was of interest to determine the biological consequences that would result from very strong, possibly ...

BACKGROUND The aim of this study was to explore the estrogenic effects of the extracts from Chinese yam and its effective compounds. METHODS The activity of the yam was investigated by the uterine weight gain of mice and a proliferation assay of breast cancer cell lines (MCF-7 cell); the estrogenic activity was comprehensively evaluated by a serum pharmacology experiment. The levels of estrad...