Veterinary needs appraisals in rural, peri-urban and urban areas have indicated a need for affordable and accessible veterinary health care. It was also found that farmers and animal owners used indigenous plants for treating animals. In Africa, insects such as Culex, Culicoides and Stomoxys may transmit diseases, cause irritation to animals or prevent wound healing. Insect repellents used topi...

Ultrasound-assisted extraction (UAE) was evaluated as a simpler and more effective alternative to conventional extraction methods for the isolation of curcuminoids from turmeric plant rhizomes. The turmeric samples were extracted under indirect sonication in an ultrasonic bath, and compared with the conventional methods. It was found that the yield of ultrasound-assisted extraction was approxim...

In liquid-liquid extraction performed by monosegmented flow analysis (MSFA), the aqueous sample is introduced between two air bubbles and flows, under restricted dispersion, through a glass extraction tube where the analyte is retained, usually at pH higher than 8. The retained analyte is removed to a small volume of an organic phase containing a ligand which is introduced after the second air ...

Aloe greatheadii var. davyana (Asphodelaceae) is used among rural South African communities to treat arthritis, skin cancer, burns, eczema, psoriasis, digestive problems, high blood pressure and diabetes, despite very little supporting scientific evidence. Due to increased interest by both the scientific community and industry regarding the medicinal uses of this plant species, we identified, q...

The effects of ethanol concentration (0%-100%, v/v), solid-to-solvent ratio (1:10-1:60, w/v) and extraction time (30-180 min) on the extraction of polyphenols from agarwood (Aquilaria crassna) were examined. Total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC) and total flavanol (TF) assays and HPLC-DAD were used for the determination and quantification of polyphenols, flavanol gallates ...

Alternative fuels, specifically biodiesel, biodiesel blends, and E85 fuel, have been gaining a market share over the past few years. With the emergence of these fuels, fire debris analysts should be able to recognize their characteristics since these fuels may be encountered in casework. In this study, pure biodiesel (B100) and a 20% blend of pure biodiesel with petroleum diesel (B20) are exami...

Bougainvillea is widely used in traditional Mexican medicine to treat several diseases. This study was designed to characterize the chemical constituents of B. x buttiana extracts with antioxidant and cytotoxic activities using different solvents. The extraction solvents used were as follows: distilled water (dH₂O), methanol (MeOH), acetone (DMK), ethanol (EtOH), ethyl acetate (EtOAc), dichloro...

Sage (Salvia officinalis L.) is a popular herb which is native to the Mediterranean region and cultivated worldwide. Sage is an important source of antioxidants used as preservatives and has wider implications for the dietary intake of natural antioxidants.1,2 This antioxidant effect has been attributed to the main phenolic components, caffeic acid dimer – rosmarinic acid1 and flavonoids, being...

background and objectives: safflower (carthamus tinctorious l.) florets contain valuable red and yellow pigments and are used in food, textile dying, and pharmaceutical industries. red carthamine pigment is formed from a yellow precursor, precarthamine, through an oxidation reaction at the end of flowers' maturation stage. the present study was conducted to find out the most effective procedure...