Convention on Biological Diversity provides for the first time an opportunity to break the nexus widely observed between the biodiversity and the poverty. It is recognized that one could not conserve biodiversity by keeping people poor even if historically biodiversity survived only under such conditions. Studies have shown that many of the communities which conserve diversity have remained poo...

What are the best ways for design teams attend to issues of power, inequity, trust and other ethical concerns as they arise in design? Literature on value-sensitive design (VSD) and technology ethics has advocated for a range of design methods that propose different roles and responsibility for ethics during technology development. This paper explores four provocations that imagine different ro...

Clinical ethics is a practical discipline that provides a structured approach for identifying—,analyzing, and resolving ethical issues in clinical medicine. The practice of good clinical medicine requires a working knowledge about ethical issues, such as informed consent, truth telling, confidentiality, end-of-life care, pain relief, and patient rights. Medicine, even at its most technical and ...

Developing countries have embarked on the promotion of “ICT access for all” through subsidized Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs), especially in underserviced areas of such countries. The main aim of the “ICT access for all” is to extend the communication services to the large areas of underserviced regions through subsidized communication services. In some instances, subsidies m...

If uniform coding (Gödelization) of potentially infinite sequences of numbers can be performed in PSPACEF, then PSPACE = EXPTIME 6= EXPSPACE = 2-EXPTIME, and, for all p, we have p−EXPSPACE = p+1-EXPTIME; if it can be performed in LINSPACEF, we also have LINSPACE = DTIME(2); the proof fails, when relativized to oracle-TM’s. A by-product of this research is that PTIMEF is not closed under number-...

Evaluating the practice of ethical review by Research Ethics Committees (REC) could help protect the interests of human participants and promote scientific progress. To facilitate such evaluations, we conducted an ethnographic study of how an REC reviews research proposals during its meetings. We observed 13 meetings of a Dutch REC and studied REC documents. We coded this material inductively a...

Ethics committees are the most important practical instrument of clinical ethics in Belgium and fulfil three tasks: the ethical review of experimental protocols, advising on the ethical aspects of healthcare practice, and ethics consultation. In this article the authors examine the current situation of ethics committees in Belgium from the perspective of clinical ethics. Firstly, the most impor...

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The hypothesis that values change and evolve is examined by this paper. The discussion is based on a series of examples where, over a period of a few decades, new ethical issues have arisen and values have changed. From this analysis it is suggested that there are a series of core values around which most people would agree. These are unlikely to change over long time periods. There are then a ...

A framework for an enterprise-wide strategic stakeholder approach to sales ethics is developed to address ethical sales performance. Stakeholder orientation goes beyond market orientation and customer orientation and provides the foundation for an organizational ethical culture and an ethical sales subculture. Organizational values and norms can dictate modes of behavior and help balance stakeh...