Consistency-based diagnosis is the most widely used approach to model-based diagnosis within the Artificial Intelligence community. It is usually carried out through an iterative cycle of behavior prediction, conflict detection, and candidate generation and refinement. Many approaches to consistency-based diagnosis have relied on some kind of on-line dependency-recording mechanism for conflict ...

OBJECTIVES Units deployed to armed conflicts are at high risk for exposure to combat events. Many battle casualties (BCs) have been reported in the recent deployment to Afghanistan. The long-term impact of these combat injuries, at their five-year end point, is currently unknown. To date, no systematic inventory has been performed of an identified group of BCs in comparison to non-injured servi...

Unlike most Western nations, Israel does not recognize full separation of church and state but seeks instead a gentle fusion of Jewish and democratic values. Inasmuch as important religious norms such as sanctity of life may clash with dignity, privacy, and self-determination, conflicts frequently arise as Israeli lawmakers, ethicists, and healthcare professionals attempt to give substance to t...

Wars must be won if our country . . . is to be protected from unthinkable outcomes, as the events on September 11th most recently illustrated. . . . This best protection unequivocally requires armed forces having military physicians committed to doing what is required to secure victory. . . . As opposed to needing neutral physicians, we need military physicians who can and do identify as closel...

AIM To determine the population access to salt/iodized salt during and after the armed conflict in south Sudan and to illustrate geographical variations in population consumption of iodized salt in south Sudan after the armed conflict. METHODS The sources of data for the conflict period were the 2004 Toward a Baseline: Best Estimates of Social Indicators for Southern Sudan study report and th...

This study examines the influence of religion on the extent of intervention in ethnic conflict using data from the Minorities at Risk ~MAR! dataset. Key questions include whether ethnoreligious minorities—which are defined here as ethnic minorities who belong to a different religion or a different denomination of the same religion as the majority group in a state—attract more intervention and w...

Nationalism has been the major cause of wars since time immemorial and most pronounced it was World War I. Although rhetoric nationalism is seemingly less used after wars, because adopted a new name, ‘self-determination’ – as enshrined in UN Charter, Chapter I article 1 –, remains background many political discussions today we continually see global rise collectivism, marked by religious fundam...

We investigate the contextual conditions under which campaigns in elections worldwide are fought “negatively”, that is, rely on attacks against political opponents. test overarching intuition societal, political, and cultural conflicts country associated with greater negativity election campaigns; conflicts, we argue, sow discord. this via a large-scale comparative dataset covers 136 national a...

The article deals with the main problems of interaction between foreign students from different ethnic groups. author presents results an empirical study, purpose which was to identify type and behavioral strategies at university among 2- 4-year Tajik Uzbek Based on diagnosing according a block methods, behavior in conflicts types others were described accordance group. Practical recommendation...

Abstract This article examines the relationship between ethnic-based gender norms and conflict-related sexual violence. We generate a novel dyadic data set that contains information on ethnic identity of all actors involved in civil conflicts around world 1989 2019 their use exploit ethnographic to construct new male dominance index at ethnicity level captures deep-rooted norms. First, we find ...