Methods to break down hemicellulose contained in biomass into simple 5-carbon sugars are well documented. This invention comprises an enzymatic reaction scheme to convert the simple sugars (e.g., xylose, arabinose, etc.) to ethylene glycol in three stages. First, the sugar is cleaved enzymatically into glycolaldehyde and dihydroxyacetone phosphate. Second, dihydroxyacetone -a byproduct from the...

Glycolic acid is an attractive raw material which is used as a dyeing and tanning agent in the textile industry, a flavoring agent and preservative in the food processing industry, and a skin care agent in the pharmaceutical industry. It is also utilized for the production of polyglycolic acid and other biocompatible copolymers. Glycolic acid can be isolated from natural sources, such as sugarc...

We have previously shown a significant decrease in the ethylene production in tomato fruit from the RIN/rin genotype. In this present study, we evaluated the amount of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and the gene expression and enzymatic activities of ACC synthase (ACS) and ACC oxidase (ACO) to find which type of regulation influenced this low ethylene production. The results sugges...

The inhibitory effects of indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) on elongation growth of pea (Pisum sativum L.) seedling roots were investigated in relation to the effects of these compounds on ethylene production by the root tips. When added to the growth solution both compounds caused a progressively increasing inhibition of growth within the concentration ...

Chilling-sensitive fruit often produce a burst of ethylene when reconditioned at ambient temperature after cold storage. This has led some authors to propose that chilling injury (CI) may be induced by post-chilling ethylene production. To test this hypothesis we examined two tomato (Solanum lycopersicum L.) mutants, non-ripening (nor) and ripening-inhibitor (rin) that do not produce climacteri...

Ethylene is produced by cultured radish roots in amounts large enough to be physiologically important. When roots were grown in controlled atmospheres, applied ethylene was generally inhibitory to elongation, lateral root initiation, and cambial activity. 1% CO(2) similarly affected roots not given ethylene. In contrast, elongation and lateral root production of ethylene-treated roots were stim...

Ethylene synthesis in vegetative tisues is thought to be controlled by indoleacetic acid (IAA). However, ethylene synthesis in the diageotropka (dgt) mutant of tomato (Ly mkoaesc MIlL) was much less sensitive to IAA than In the norml variety (VFNS). Yet, mehanial wounding stimuted ethyne production by the mutant. The dgt tomato provides an opportunity to study the regulation of stress ethylene ...

Alterations in the response of dark-grown seedlings to ethylene (the "triple response") were used to isolate a collection of ethylene-related mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutants displaying a constitutive response (eto1) were found to produce at least 40 times more ethylene than the wild type. The morphological defects in etiolated eto1-1 seedlings reverted to wild type under conditions in ...

Alterations in the response of dark-grown seedlings to ethylene (the “triple response”) were used to isolate a collection of ethylene-related mutants in Arabidopsis thaliana. Mutants displaying a constitutive response (etol ) were found to produce at least 40 times more ethylene than the wild type. The morphological defects in etiolated etol-l seedlings reverted to wild type under conditions in...

The ectomycorrhizal fungi Cenococcum geophilum, Hebeloma crustuliniforme, and Laccaria laccata produced ethylene in vitro in modified Melin-Norkrans liquid medium only if amended with 2.5-10mM methionine; Pisolithus tinctorius failed to produce ethylene unless the cultures were renewed with fresh methionine-amended medium before ethylene assay. An additional 19 ectomycorrhizal fungi, plus five ...