Observations gained from model organisms are essential, yet it remains unclear to which degree they are applicable to distant relatives. For example, in the dicotyledon Arabidopsis thaliana (Arabidopsis), auxin biosynthesis via indole-3-pyruvic acid (IPA) is essential for root development and requires redundant TRYPTOPHAN AMINOTRANSFERASE OF ARABIDOPSIS 1 (TAA1) and TAA1-RELATED (TAR) genes. A ...

Ethylene metabolism in higher plants is regulated by a wide array of endogenous and environmental factors. During most physiological processes, ethylene levels are mainly determined by a strict control of the rate-limiting biosynthetic steps responsible for the production of 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and its subsequent conversion to ethylene. Responsible for these reactions, t...

Submergence and drought are major limiting factors for crop production. However, very limited studies have been reported on the distinct or overlapping mechanisms of plants in response to the two water extremes. Here we report an ETHYLENE OVERPRODUCER 1-like gene (OsETOL1) that modulates differentially drought and submergence tolerance in rice (Oryza sativa L.). Two allelic mutants of OsETOL1 s...

the sequencing batch reactors were developed to treat the actual wastewater from ethyleneglycol/ethylene oxide producing industry. four identical reactors with total and effective liquid volumes of 9and 7 l were operated respectively in parallel. laboratory experiments were conducted with different organicloadings of 500, 1000, 1500 and 3000 g-cod/m3.day and the performance of the reactors was ...

The production of physiologically active emanations by plant tissue in general, and especially by ripe fruit, has been demonstrated by epinastic responses of tomato and potato leaves, by inhibition of seed germination and potato sprouting, by the triple response of etiolated legume seedlings, and by effects on fruit respiration and softening. In all cases which subsequently have been investigat...

A technique for the cryopreservation of third-stage larvae of Gaigeria pachyscelis is described. It consists of incubating sheathed infective larvae at 37 degrees C in 40% (v/v) ethylene glycol for 7 min, followed by 2 min at 0 degree C in 82.8% (v/v) cryoprotectant mixture, prior to transferring the larvae to liquid nitrogen. The survival rate obtained with this technique is consistently high:...

nowadays polymer nanocomposites have introduced as a new class of food packaging materials due to their enhanced mechanical, thermal, and barrier properties. in this study pet nano composites were prepared by melt blending of poly (ethylene terephthalate) pellets and mica nanoparticles. the morphology of pet/mica nanocomposites was characterized by x-ray diffraction and transmission electron mi...

It has been shown that treatment of animal diets with ethylene oxide results in severe destruction of thiamine, niacin, pyridoxine, riboflavin, and folic acid (2, 3) and of the essential amino acids, histidine, methionine (4)) and lysine (5). Consequently, studies were undertaken to elucidate the nature of the reactions of ethylene oxide with the above nutrients. The realization that a tertiary...

A purified mitochondrial fraction was isolated from potato (Solanum tuberosum L.) tubers respiring normally at 23 degrees C or at an accelerated rate in response to treatment with ethylene (10 microliters per liter).A pronounced increase in various mitochondrial enzymic activities was observed in response to exposure of the whole tubers to ethylene. Cytochrome c oxidase activity increased more ...

The rate and plane of cell division and anisotropic cell growth are critical for plant development and are regulated by diverse mechanisms involving several hormone signaling pathways. Little is known about peptide signaling in plant growth; however, Arabidopsis thaliana POLARIS (PLS), encoding a 36-amino acid peptide, is required for correct root growth and vascular development. Mutational ana...