BACKGROUND Aspiration of subglottic secretions past the endotracheal tube (ETT) cuff is a prerequisite for developing ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). Subglottic secretion drainage (SSD) ETTs reduce aspiration of subglottic secretions and have demonstrated lower VAP rates. We compared the performance of seven SSD ETTs against a non-SSD ETT in preventing aspiration below inflated cuffs. ...

39 Accurate mechanics measurements during high frequency oscillatory ventilation (HFOV) 40 facilitate optimizing ventilator support settings. Yet, these are substantially influenced by 41 endotracheal tube (ETT) contributions which may dominate when leaks around uncuffed ETT 42 are present. We hypothesized that 1) the effective removal of ETT leaks may be confirmed via 43 direct comparison of m...

The Endotracheal Tube (ETT) is a life-saving device for respiratory support and airway protection. However, its sustained presence in the trachea disrupts the physiological mechanisms that maintain mucus homeostasis. The process of mucus buildup and luminal narrowing leads to an increased ventilatory effort and might delay liberation from mechanical ventilation. In addition, potential lung path...

Many applications of causal analysis call for assessing, retrospectively, the effect of withholding an action that has in fact been implemented. This counterfactual quantity, sometimes called “effect of treatment on the treated,” (ETT) have been used to to evaluate educational programs, critic public policies, and justify individual decision making. In this paper we explore the conditions under...

OBJECTIVES To assess the association between impaired chronotropic response (CR) and adverse events among patients with diabetes referred for exercise treadmill testing (ETT). RESEARCH DESIGN AND METHODS Impaired CR was defined as achievement of <80% of a patient's heart rate reserve. We used multivariable Cox proportional hazards regression to assess the independent association between impai...

BACKGROUND Pulmonary artery rupture can be a lethal complication of a pulmonary artery catheter (PAC). Different techniques have been used to manage PAC-induced pulmonary artery rupture, including double lumen endotracheal tube (DLT), bronchial blockers, pulmonary artery embolization, thoracotomy with hematoma evacuation, and extracorporeal life support for ventilation (ECLS). Single lumen endo...

OBJECTIVE To determine the diagnostic value of the exercise tolerance test (ETT) in women presenting with chest pain. DESIGN Prospective study of all women presenting to a centre with chest pain between 1987 and 1993 who were assessed by an ETT and coronary angiography. SETTING The outpatient clinic of one consultant cardiologist in a tertiary referral centre. PATIENTS All women referred ...