with the rise of nicholas sarkozy to power, in an evident spin, france’s foreign policy became american in essence. from the very first year of his presidency sarkozy adopted a parallel policy to the u.s. atlanticism is considered an important and inevitable leverage in sarkozy’s foreign policy and his government marked a high point in foreign policy after de goulle. this new approach is comple...

Drawing upon an individual's needs, values, and expectations to guide decisionmaking and care giving is integral to long-term care (LTC). Articles in this issue demonstrate that client values and preferences can be elicited and used to guide decisionmaking about LTC. Service delivery and payment features can be shaped to support the patient/consumer, as well as to support and strengthen her or ...

We calculate a consolidated score for the 21 European countries included in the CDI to track their pursuit of development-friendly policies. In 2014 the Center for Global Development is launching a series of discussion papers for public consultation. Our goal is to press for a broader and more informed discussion about how European policies can improve. By the end of the year, we will synthesiz...

INTRODUCTION AND RATIONALE Influenza and pneumonia remain serious health concerns for long-term care (LTC) residents. Vaccination of LTC residents and health care workers are reasonable preventive strategies, although most facilities fall short of Healthy People 2010 goals. Improving immunization rates across multiple LTC facilities remains an elusive challenge. This quality improvement study s...

We examined the regulatory role of cytosolic phospholipase A(2) (cPLA(2)) and phosphatidylinositol (PI)-specific phospholipase C (PLC) in the degranulation of human eosinophils and leukotriene (LT) C(4) synthesis. Activation with formyl-Met-Leu-Phe + cytochalasin B (fMLP/B) caused a time-dependent release of eosinophil peroxidase (EPO) and LTC(4), which was inhibited by pertussis toxin. By immu...

Background Rural-urban inequality in long-term care (LTC) services has been increasing alongside rapid socioeconomic development. This study estimates the average spending on LTC services and identifies the factors that influence the use and cost of LTC for the elderly living in urban and rural areas of Thailand. Methods The sample comprised 837 elderly aged 60 years drawn from rural and urba...

OBJECTIVE The Psychosocial Resistance to Activities of Daily Living Index (PRADLI) was developed for psychiatric nurses, geropsychologists, and clinical social workers to assess the level of long-term care (LTC) residents' resistance to and cooperation with staff in performing activities of daily living. DESIGN The PRADLI consists of 8 activities of daily living that commonly trigger a psychi...

RATIONALE Improving end-of-life care (EOLC) in long-term care (LTC) homes requires quality measurement tools that assess families' satisfaction with care. This research adapted and pilot-tested an EOLC satisfaction measure (Canadian Health Care Evaluation Project (CANHELP) Lite Questionnaire) for use in LTC to measure families' perceptions of the EOLC experience and to be self-administered. M...

Whether cytokines can modulate the fate of primitive hematopoietic progenitor cells (HPCs) through successive in vitro cell divisions has not been established. Single human marrow CD34+CD38-/lo cells in the G0 phase of cell cycle were cultured under 7 different cytokine combinations, monitored for proliferation on days 3, 5, and 7, then assayed for long-term culture-initiating cell (LTC-IC) fun...

The Medicare Current Beneficiary Survey (MCBS) includes persons living in the community and persons living in longterm care (LTC) facilities. In 1996, 91 percent of Medicare beneficiaries lived in the community all year. Approximately 2 percent of the Medicare population spent some time in an LTC facility but then returned home. The remaining 7 percent of the Medicare population either spent th...