The power of knowledge acquisition systems that employ failure-driven learning derives from two main sources: an effective global credit assignment process that determines when to acquire new knowledge by watching an expert’s behavior, and an efficient local credit assignment process that determines what new knowledge will be created for completing a failed explanation of an expert’s action. Be...

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It is widely assumed that the more certain and precise the scientific knowledge-base for predicting and understanding climate change, the better defined and robust will be the policy measures undertaken in response. In t h ~ s paper we argue to the contrary that in the case of Global Warming Potentials (GWPs) ambiguity in their precise meaning is a major reason why they have been developed and ...

We present a logic programming based asynchronous multi-agent system in which agents can communicate with one another; update themselves and each other; abduce hypotheses to explain observations, and use them to generate actions. The knowledge base of the agents is comprised of generalized logic programs, integrity constraints, active rules, and of abducibles. We characterize the interaction am...

building pounding occurs between two adjacent buildings with small gap or without sufficient separation distance. it leads to damage buildings during earthquake due to impact. many researchers have investigated building pounding based on impact force reduction and energy dissipation increase, when two buildings collide with each other. in numerical investigations, using specific link element, i...

Covariation analysis is used to identify those positions with similar patterns of sequence variation in an alignment of RNA sequences. These constraints on the evolution of two positions are usually associated with a base pair in a helix. While mutual information (MI) has been used to accurately predict an RNA secondary structure and a few of its tertiary interactions, early studies revealed th...

Mutations induced by one of the typical dietary mutagens/carcinogens, 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP), were characterized using gpt delta transgenic mice. This transgenic mouse model has two selection methods to efficiently detect different types of mutations, i.e. 6-thioguanine selection for point mutations and Spi(-) selection for deletions. The mice were fed with a die...

Uracil (U) can be found in DNA as a mismatch paired either to adenine (A) or to guanine (G). Removal of U from DNA is performed by a class of enzymes known as uracil-DNA-glycosylases (UDG). Recent studies suggest that recognition of U-A and U-G mismatches by UDG takes place via an extra-helical mechanism. In this work, we use molecular dynamics simulations to analyze the structure, dynamics and...

The traditional event tree analysis uses a single probability to represent each top event. However, it is unrealistic to evaluate the occurrence of each event by using a crisp value without considering the inherent uncertainty and imprecision a state has. The fuzzy set theory is universally applied to deal with this kind of phenomena. The main purpose of this study is to construct an easy metho...

Background. Many countries worldwide use sports events as a tool to stimulate both their national and local economies. To gain a competitive advantage, knowledge of sports event success is essential for stakeholders and hosting countries. However, due to the diverse conceptualizations of event success, the knowledge of the issue is fragmented, and there is a lack of comprehensive studies for sc...