the us foreign policy processes in the middle east, in the post world war ii period, have always brought about security challenge, danger and crisis, in the region. all us presidents have experienced grave security crisis in this geopolitical area. there also exists many indications of distrust of the current foreign us policy exercised in the middle east on the part of middle eastern citizens....

The paper focuses on regional trade agreements and economic co-operation and develops a new appropriate approach to study their impact on growth and trade. The approach is based on an endogenous trade-growth theory and novelly specified in an economic integration (expenditure) framework which is the conceptual foundation of regional trade agreements. Importantly, it also appropriately takes int...

Foreign Direct Investment (FDI) is an investment from one country into another country. The purpose of this research to determine the factors that affect FDI inward in Indonesia. object used condition Indonesia within 50 years 1970 until 2019 with quantitative methods. Data analysis was performed using multiple linear regression and software statistic E-views. results shows Tax Treaty has posit...

The 2009 Renewable Energy Directive mandates European Union member-states’ road transport fuel to comprise a minimum of 10% renewable content by 2020. This target is expected to be met predominantly from biofuels. However, scientific evidence is increasingly questioning the ability of biofuels to reduce greenhouse gas emissions when factors such as indirect land-use change are taken into consid...