A major challenge in computer generated music is breaking the barrier between musical novelty and musical quality. Typically, computer music generators produce either genre-specific patterns that lack innovation or patterns that are given too much freedom and lack cohesion. In an attempt to both constrain the musical search space and produce novel rhythms, a program called NEAT Drummer is intro...

Spontaneous pattern formation, the appearance of inhomogeneities that are not directly imposed by external forces, can be an important but overlooked factor in the origin and maintenance of genetic diversity in populations, and in parapatric speciation. Using agent-based simulation models with multilocus genetics, we show that such patterns form in spatially distributed populations with local m...

Text Streams are a class of ubiquitous data that came in over time and are extraordinary large in scale that we often lose track of. Basically, text streams forms the fundamental source of information that can be used to detect semantic topic which individuals and organizations are interested in as well as detect burst events within communities. Thus, intelligent system that can automatically e...

One of the most striking patterns in biology is the formation of animal aggregations. Classically, aggregation has been viewed as an evolutionarily advantageous state, in which members derive the benefits of protection, mate choice, and centralized information, balanced by the costs of limiting resources. Consisting of individual members, aggregations nevertheless function as an integrated whol...

An important mechanism in the generation of biological structures is the production of defined spatial patterns within initially near-uniform cells and tissues. This process can be modelled on the basis of conventional molecular kinetics if there is a short-range activating effect in conjunction with depletion or inhibition extending over a wider range ('lateral inhibition'). Such pattern-gener...

von Baer's law states that early stages of animal development are the most conserved. More recent evidence supports a modified "hourglass" pattern in which an early but somewhat later stage is most conserved. Both patterns have been explained by the relative complexity of either temporal or spatial interactions; the greatest conservation and lowest evolvability occur at the time of the most com...

In contrast to classical engineering approaches for the generation of movements in robots or prostheses, approaches to this subject inspired by neurophysiological circuits are in advance. One of the key structures of interest in this area is the Central Pattern Generator (CPG) which has been identified to be the source of movement generation in mammals. This neural circuit is capable of generat...

Eighty-eight types of mitochondrial (mt) DNA were found by sequencing the most variable part of the control region from 117 Caucasians. In the tree relating those types, most of the branching events occur about two-thirds of the way from the root of the tree to the tips of the branches. Moreover, the distribution of sequence differences between all possible pairs of individuals is approximately...

Redescribe aconvergence theory forevolutionary pattern search algorithms (EPS.4S) ona broad class of unconstrained and linearlyconstrainedproblems. EPSAS adaptively modify the step size of the mutation operator in response to the success of previous optimization steps. The design of EPSAS is inspired by recent analysesof pattern search methods. Our analysis significantly extends the previous co...

A crucial part of a typical pattern recognition system is the extraction of the appropriate information that uniquely describes the patterns under processing. This information has the form of vectors and their contents are called features, which are constructed by specific extraction methods (Feature Extraction Methods FEMs). The length of the extracted feature vectors may take high dimension b...