The basic idea is to excise the bitcoin money generation formula, and otherwise apply bitcoin essentially “as is” over digital coins which are redeemable by the mint that minted them. This will preserve the bitcoin assured anonymity. The new bitcoin.BitMint solution will benefit from bitcoin’s double-spending prevention, and would otherwise enjoy all the benefits associated with money in a digi...

An antiserum that recognizes the three types of pyrimidine dimers induced by UV-light in DNA was used to monitor their removal from eukaryotic cell nuclei. Cells able to excise dimers display a similar removal pattern: a fast process completed within a few hours leaving many dimers in the DNA.

Background Tobacco taxation and smoke-free workplaces reduce smoking, tobacco-related premature deaths and associated out-of-pocket health care expenditures. We examine the distributional consequences of a price increase in tobacco products through an excise tax hike, and of an implementation of smoke-free workplaces, in China. Methods We use extended cost-effectiveness analysis (ECEA) to eva...

CONTEXT Tobacco use remains the leading cause of preventable death in the United States. States and municipalities have instituted a variety of tobacco control measures (TCMs) to address the significant impact tobacco use has on population health. The American Lung Association annually grades state performance of tobacco control using the State of Tobacco Control grading framework. OBJECTIVE ...

OBJECTIVES The objective of the present study was to evaluate how effective tobacco tax increase has been in increasing price of tobacco products and reducing tobacco consumption in the Gambia. In addition, it tests the hypothesis that tobacco tax revenue grows while tobacco consumption decreases as a result of tax and price increase. SETTING The study is designed at the macroeconomic level t...

We found in the environmental strain Nitrosomonas europaea a chromosomal integron-like structure with an integrase gene, intI(Neu). We have tested the capacity of the IntINeu integrase to excise and integrate several resistance gene cassettes. The results allow us to consider IntINeu a new functional integron integrase.