In biogeography the competitive exclusion principle (CEP) has been confirmed in some cases but not others. This fueled an unresolved debate between those advocating niche theory or neutral biodiversity and biogeography. We suggest that this situation mainly arises from use of crisp logic, where CEP is defined as either completely true false. propose application fuzzy concepts favorability (the ...

One form of the inclusion-exclusion principle asserts that if A and B are functions of finite sets then the formulas A(S) = ∑ T⊆S B(T ) and B(S) = ∑ T⊆S(−1) |S|−|T A(T ) are equivalent. If we replace B(S) by (−1)B(S) then these formulas take on the symmetric form A(S) = ∑ T⊆S (−1) B(T ) B(S) = ∑ T⊆S (−1) A(T ). which we call symmetric inclusion-exclusion. We study instances of symmetric inclusi...

Improved inclusion-exclusion identities via closure operators Klaus Dohmen Department of Computer Science, Humboldt-University Berlin, Unter den Linden 6, D-10099 Berlin, Germany E-mail: [email protected] received March 24, 1999, revised September 6, 1999, accepted April 15, 2000. Let be a finite family of sets. We establish an improved inclusion-exclusion identity for each closure...

Does the exclusion argument put any pressure on dualism? Christian List and Daniel Stoljar August-October 2014 Abstract: The exclusion argument is widely thought to put considerable pressure on dualism if not to refute it outright. We argue to the contrary that, whether or not their position is ultimately true, dualists have a plausible response. The response focuses on the notion of ‘distinctn...

The principles of paternity exclusion and current systems of paternity testing are reviewed. Recent advances, especially the utilization of human leukocyte antigens (HLA), have greatly improved the likelihood of exclusion of the innocent accused male. Failure to exclude an alleged father through multiple test systems increases the suspicion that he is the biological father. This can be expresse...

In this article, we discuss the identity and indistinguishability of quantum systems and the consequent need to introduce an extra postulate in Quantum Mechanics to correctly describe situations involving indistinguishable particles. This is, for electrons, the Pauli Exclusion Principle, or in general, the Symmetrization Postulate. Then, we introduce fermions and bosons and the distributions re...

Stellar scintillation is shown to be a good indicator of the upper-air winds near the tropopause. The exclusion principle is recast in the context of a generalized scheme for interspecific interactions.

Many anticancer drugs in clinical use interact with DNA through intercalation, which is process that starts with the transfer of the intercalating molecule from an aqueous environment to the hydrophobic space between two adjacent DNA base pairs. In general, intercalatig agents are two types: monofunctional and bifunctional. Monofunctional intercalators contain one intercalating unit and Bifunct...