This paper develops and defends a coherentist account of reasons. I develop three core ideas for this defense: a distinction between basic reasons and noninferential justification, the plausibility of the neglected argument against first philosophy, and an emergent account of reasons. These three ideas form the backbone for a credible coherentist view of reasons. I work toward this account by f...

BACKGROUND The effect of changes in physical exercise on progression of musculoskeletal disability in seniors has rarely been studied. METHODS We studied a prospective cohort annually from 1984 to 2000 using the Health Assessment Questionnaire Disability Index (HAQ-DI). The cohort included 549 participants, 73% men, with average end-of-study age of 74 years. At baseline and at the end of the ...

It is intuitive that an energy deficit induced by exercise induces an automatic increased drive for food (hunger and energy intake). However, the absence of a compensatory increase in energy intake (EI) in response to an exercise-induced increase in energy expenditure (EE) is now well documented. Thus, there is a weak coupling between exercise-induced increases in EE and EI. One paradox related...

Recent decision-making research claims to establish that, in violation of Savage’s normative sure-thing principle, individuals often wait to acquire noninstrumental information and subsequently base their decisions upon this information. The current research suggests that characterizing individuals as pursuing noninstrumental or useless information may be overstated. Through a series of experim...

this study examined naturally-occurring university classroom interactions at iranian universities and provided an analysis of silence patterns as politeness strategies used by male and female students. since empirical studies of silence in classroom settings are scarce, this paper aimed to explain such phenomena using participant interviews, classroom observation and detailed discourse analysis...

ABSTRACT Introduction: Difficulty falling asleep is connected to the malfunctioning of sleep and wakefulness mechanism human body caused by various reasons. There are a series adverse reactions resulting from abnormal or poor quality during per se. This symptom severely affects an individual's physical condition mental health. Objective: To explore effect exercise on patients with difficulty as...

We would like to thank Agilli et al., for their interest on our ecent paper entitled “Alteration of serum inflammatory cytokines n active pulmonary tuberculosis following anti-tuberculosis drug herapy” and appreciate for their thoughtful comments. With great leasure, we would like to address the concers highlighted by gilli et al. and further clarify the readers on our interpretation of he infl...

Cardiopulmonary function has been studied at rest and during graded exercise in 11 patients with systemic sclerosis. All patients had multi-system disease, five complained of breathlessness, and four had radiographic evidence of pulmonary fibrosis. All patients had gross effort intolerance. Lung volumes were reduced in half the patients, as was the transfer factor for CO when corrected for lung...