alcohol, to try this simple expectant treatment, which, if successful, has so much to recommend it. There are few diseases that have been treated on more entirely contrary plans than the one now under notice, chiefly because different pathologists have, taken such opposite views of its essential nature. It has often been considered as an inflammatory affection and treated antiphlogistically, th...

OBJECTIVE To establish clearance curves for serum β -hCG in women with successfully expectantly managed tubal ectopic pregnancies. DESIGN Retrospective cohort study. Non- viable tubal ectopic pregnancy was diagnosed on transvaginal ultrasound. If initial serum β hCG was less than 5000 IU/L and patients were asymptomatic, expectant management was offered. Patients underwent serial β hCG measur...

The expectations of a successful outcome during childbirth are high for all of the parties concerned. The overall objective of prenatal care and birth care is that midwives contribute to create the most positive experience for the expectant parents concerning their pregnancy, the actual childbirth and the child’s infancy. During the past thirty years, there has been a significant increase in Ca...

INTRODUCTION Triplet and higher-order multiple pregnancies are well known to be associated with increased adverse outcomes. This study reviewed the perinatal outcomes in women with a triplet pregnancy who underwent fetal reduction versus expectant management at a university hospital in Hong Kong. METHODS This was a retrospective review of triplet pregnancies at Prince of Wales Hospital in Hon...

BACKGROUND There is evidence that induction of labour (IOL) around term reduces perinatal mortality and caesarean delivery rates when compared to expectant management of pregnancy (allowing the pregnancy to continue to await spontaneous labour or definitive indication for delivery). However, it is not clear whether IOL in women with a previous caesarean section confers the same benefits. The ai...

Most women will happily swallow vitamins or iron supplements prescribed by their doctor during pregnancy and feel that these help build a strong baby, but are very reluctant to use other medications, and feel that these will jeopardise their fetus and produce congenital abnormalities. So, most expectant mothers will opt to forego medications they need, believing that this will be best for their...

This paper reports on a prospective study undertaken to determine the natural history of untreated idiopathic hooked forefoot. The progress of 130 affected feet in eighty-three children was followed for an average of seven years. At review 86% of the feet were normal or only mildly deformed and all were fully mobile; 10% were still moderately deformed but were asymptomatic; 4% remained deformed...

Lipomas represent approximately 0.15% of cerebellopontine angle tumors.1 Audiometric findings include unilateral or asymmetrical sensorineural hearing loss with low speech recognition index (SRI).2 Imaging procedures, particularly nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), confirm the diagnosis.1--4 There is no image enhancement with gadolinium; in this scenario, special fat suppression sequences are pa...

We report on an abdominal pregnancy that presented as a missed abortion at 16 weeks' gestation and review the literature on the management of abdominal pregnancy. The clinical presentation of abdominal pregnancy varies, and the diagnosis depends on a high index of suspicion. Ultrasonography is useful for early diagnosis of the condition. The management depends on the gestation at presentation; ...

Dysfunctional uterine bleeding (DUB) is a common presentation in the emergency department and has a wide differential. Most presentations of DUB are in hemodynamically stable patients and can be evaluated as an outpatient. Uterine arteriovenous malformation (AVM) is one presentation that can result in a life-threatening medical emergency with unexpected sudden and massive vaginal bleeding. We d...