This paper aims to broaden a better understanding of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) and its impact on fouling in membrane bioreactor (MBR). Some fundamental knowledge about EPS and MBR fouling was covered in this paper in several aspects including definition of EPS, evaluation of EPS, influencing factors on EPS production and responsibility of EPS on MBR fouling mechanisms.

Dynamic membrane (DM) formation in dynamic membrane bioreactors plays an important role in achieving efficient solid-liquid separation. In order to study the contribution of extracellular polymeric substances (EPS) to DM formation in anaerobic dynamic membrane bioreactor (AnDMBR) processes, EPS extraction from and re-addition to bulk sludge were carried out in short-term filtration tests. DM fo...

A 41 year old man with incomplete right bundle branch block and persistent coved-type ST elevation in the right precordial leads during sinus rhythm had an episode of syncope while driving. He had never had syncope before and there was no family history of sudden cardiac death. Ventricular fibrillation was induced during electrophysiological study (EPS) by double extrastimuli applied to the rig...

The presence or absence of a Babinski sign can be puzzling, but in the light of existing pathological studies it is more fruitful to consider which pyramidal tract fibres release it than whether they release it. This was investigated clinically, by looking for correlations with other reflex changes and with motor deficits in the leg. A survey of 50 patients with a unilateral Babinski sign and s...

Genetic factors have been known to contribute to familial Parkinson's disease (PD), one of the most common neurodegenerative disorders. During the past decade, six of eleven causative genes linked to familial forms of PD have been identified to associate with autosomal-recessive young-onset Levodopa-responsive parkinsonism. Among these genes, mutations in Parkin, PINKl and DJ-1 are associated w...

Stiff person syndrome (SPS) is a rare disorder characterized by continuous muscle activity causing severe rigidity and episodic spasms in axial and limb muscles (1). According to the diagnostic criteria, normal motor and sensory examination is the rule. Hyperactive deep tendon reflexes may be observed, but extensor plantar reflexes are rare (1,2,3,4). Here, by presenting this case with atypical...

BACKGROUND Encapsulating peritoneal sclerosis (EPS) is a rare but serious complication of long-term peritoneal dialysis (PD). However, previous studies reported large variations in its mortality rates that may associate with a different degree of EPS severity. This study reports the incidence and outcomes of EPS and identifies the risk factors associated with severe EPS. METHODS We retrospect...

Regular exercise has emerged as one of the best therapeutic strategies to prevent and treat type-2-diabetes. Exercise-induced changes in the muscle secretome, consisting of myokines and metabolites, may underlie the inter-organ communication between muscle and other organs. To investigate this crosstalk, we developed an in vitro system in which mouse C2C12 myotubes underwent electric pulse stim...

Biopolymers are considered a potential alternative to conventional chemical polymers because of their ease of biodegradability, high efficiency, non-toxicity and non-secondary pollution. Recently, extracellular polymeric substances (EPS, biopolymers produced by the microorganisms) have been recognised by many researchers as a potential flocculent for their applications in various water, wastewa...