Root exudation is a key component of nutrient and carbon dynamics in terrestrial ecosystems. Exudation rates vary widely by plant species and environmental conditions, but our understanding of how root exudates affect soil functioning is incomplete, in part because there are few viable methods to manipulate root exudates in situ. To address this, we devised the Automated Root Exudate System (AR...

BACKGROUND Plasma exudation-derived proteins and peptides contribute significantly to inflammation in the airway mucosa in vivo. In the guinea pig trachea both histamine and the neurogenic stimulant capsaicin produce acute mucosal tissue distribution and luminal entry of bulk plasma, whereas cholinergic agonists fail to produce this effect. Of these agents, only histamine induces mucosal exudat...

We modeled dissolved phytochelatin concentrations by studying its exudation from phytoplankton and its removal from seawater. Exudation rates were obtained from experiments in which a marine diatom, Thalassiosira pseudonana, was grown in Cd-containing medium. Dissolved phytochelatin in the culture medium was measured as a function of time, and a first-order model was fit to the data to derive e...

The composition of phloem sap has been investigated in Ricinus communis var. gibsonii, grown for 2 weeks on nutrient solution of low and high potassium content (K(1) and K(2)). Diagonal cuts were made in the bark of the stem resulting in the exudation of clear droplets which mainly consisted of phloem sap. Although the plants at low K (0.4 mm) and high K (1 mm) did not differ in growth, leaf ar...

Abstract Aims Root exudation may have a large impact on soil biological activity and nutrient cycling. Recent advances in situ -measurement techniques enabled deeper insights into the of tree root rhizosphere processes, but abiotic biotic controls rate remain poorly understood. We explored temperature dependence mature beech ( Fagus sylvatica L.) trees. Methods measured fine seven forests along...

The coexpression of plant resistance traits suggests the hypothesis that they may have complementary functions in defense against herbivory. To address the extent to which defensive traits are necessarily coupled in plants grown under various conditions, we focused on latex and cardenolides, two potent defenses of milkweeds. We measured defenses across ontogenetic stages, different biotic and a...

Abstract Background and aims Sorghum ( bicolor ) is able to exude allelochemicals with biological nitrification inhibition (BNI) capacity. Therefore, sorghum might be an option as cover crop since its BNI ability may reduce N pollution in the following due a decreased nitrification. However, exudation related physiological state development of plant, so abiotic stresses such drought modify rate...