Transdermal therapeutic systems (TTS) containing captopril were developed by using synthetic and pH independent polymers, Eudragit RL 100 and RS 100. The formulations were characterized in terms of their appearance, thickness, captopril content, in vitro release rate and diffusion profiles. In vitro release studies demonstrated controlled release for each formulation developed. In viro and ex v...

Now in its 30th year of designing electron microscopes. JEOL is still searching after its ma|or theme Higher resolution capability The JEM-200CX electron microscope and the JSM-F15 field emission scanning microscope are two of our latest developments born out of such continued research. They are now winning broad acceptance as a topnotch TEM and SEM. in many respects such as resolution, stabili...

This study aims at investigating the nature of the causal relationship between immigration and two macroeconomic indicators, GDP per capita and unemployment, in Sweden using autoregressive distributed lag (ARDL) bounds testing procedure and Granger-causality within vector error correction model (VECM) based on annual data spanning the period between 1980 and 2004. Results of the ARDL bounds tes...

This paper sets up a two country monopolistic competition model with intra-industry trade to study the effects of an exogenous differential in wage and social policies on the location of industry. Two model scenarios are considered. In the traditional one with physical capital, such a differential induces a relocation effect which increases with the level of trade integration. The ‘new economic...

Business representatives and union leaders in highly industrialised countries often accuse the governments of lessdeveloped countries of practising social dumping in the sense of deliberately neglecting work-place safety legislation, codetermination rights and other fringe benefits which define the quality of workplaces. This paper refutes this view by modelling the transition path of a less-de...

Here we perform the same kind of “integration experiments” as in Rivera-Batiz and Romer (1991), this time in the context of a “quality ladder model”, where international trade integration is not enough to prevent redundancy of R&D efforts. Thus a further kind of integration is analysed: “financial market integration”. We adopt as a setup the Simple Schumpeterian Model in Aghion and Howitt (2005...

Trade Policy and Labor Services: Final Status Options for the West Bank and Gaza This paper considers the policy options of the West Bank and Gaza (WBG) with respect to trade and the exports of labor services. It concludes that i) a non-discriminatory trade policy (NDTP) is unambiguously superior to an FTA with Israel; ii) the WBG should pursue a NDTP with all its neighbors, but only under the ...

This article examines the following case. A set of countries produce goods from labor, government input and natural resources. Because the conservation of natural resources in any country yields utility (e.g. through biodiversity) in every country, and because there is no benevolent international government, a resident of the countries is chosen as the regulator to whom conservation policy is d...

Using a panel data set of bilateral export flows from 12 EU countries to 20 OECD trading partners over the period 1992-2003, a panel cointegration approach to estimating the gravity model is adopted to test for the significance of European regional integration. A comparison of the results indicates that a positive and significant coefficient estimate of the EU dummy variable is found for both t...

This paper studies the e¤ects of international openness and contracting institutions on vertical integration. It …rst derives a number of predictions regarding the interactions between trade barriers, contracting costs, technology intensity, and the extent of vertical integration from a simple model with incomplete contracts. Then it investigates these predictions using a new dataset of over 14...