The evolution of studies of political parties of constitution: The first and second periods show that the evolution of parties indicates that researchers' attitude to political pheno-mena also coincide with the evolution of political realities has been transformed, and the consideration of ideologies in the analysis of the parties have replaced with religious perspectives and anti-authoritarian...

OBJECTIVE To analyze whether the relationship between income inequality and human health is mediated through social capital, and whether political regime determines differences in income inequality and social capital among countries. METHODS Path analysis of cross sectional ecological data from 110 countries. Life expectancy at birth was the outcome variable, and income inequality (measured b...

Online social networking is increasingly popular and is a feature of many websites. Providing multiple types of relationship, such as friend, fan or colleague, can enhance the significance of the networks. We present an empirical study of an online political forum where users engage in content creation, voting, and discussion. The users also make explicit connections via three relationship type...

The subject matter of this paper is an investigation of factors affecting the women s' presence in politics (aged 20-40 years) in 2015 (Case study: City of Sanandaj). Political participation is regarded as one of the major development indices. If the political development is considered as meaning "expansion of participation and competition of social groups in the political life", one of its pre...

Political scientists often use natural experiments to estimate causal effects. We explore how variation in geography can be exploited as a natural experiment and review the assumptions that must hold for geographic natural experiments to yield valid causal estimates. In particular, we focus on cases where a geographic or administrative boundary splits units into treated and control areas, and i...

We develop an empirical estimator directly from an extensive-form crisis bargaining game with incomplete information and discuss its features and limitations. The estimator makes it possible to draw inferences about states’ payoffs from observational data on crisis outcomes while remaining faithful to the theorized strategic and informational structure. We compare this estimator to one based on...

initiality Lutz Schröder, Horst Herrlich Abstract. We study morphisms that are initial w.r.t. all functors in a given conglomerate. Several results and counterexamples are obtained concerning the relation of such properties to different notions of subobject. E.g., strong monomorphisms are initial w.r.t. all faithful adjoint functors, but not necessarily w.r.t. all faithful monomorphism-preservi...

development of the modern education system and iranian high interest to study the new science and broad support government over the last century of the modern educational system, and high costs to expand and improve its quality by no means enter science and scientific attitude to life, not an iranian relations. system of economic production and social relations and political structure of modern...

E way in which the schools relate to the political system is through the political socialization of children and youth. 1 The schools the curriculum, the textbooks, the instructional methods, the school clubs, the classroom milieu, the students, the teach ers, the administrative structure, and the like may implicitly or explicitly engage in the transmission of basic political orientations towar...

the counseling system is the one of the basis on which all social and political affairs are presented and investigated through public and political consultation in the form of discussions and free conversations. in the counseling system, it is the public wisdom and agreement that leads to the selection and determination of rulers, social and political constructs and institutions, codifying and ...