The heat-transfer characteristics of thin film flow over a hot sphere resulting from a cold vertical jet of liquid falling onto the surface have been investigated. The underlying physical features have been illustrated by numerical solutions of high accuracy based on the modified Keller box method. The solutions for film thickness distribution are good agreement with those obtained approximatel...

This paper presents a comparable evaluation of R600a (isobutane), R290 (propane), R134a, R22, R410A, and R32 in an optimized finned-tube evaporator, and analyzes the impact of evaporator effects on the system coefficient of performance (COP). The study relied on a detailed evaporator model derived from NIST’s EVAP-COND simulation package and used the ISHED1 scheme employing a non-Darwinian lear...

Optimizing the refrigerant circuitry for a finned-tube evaporator is a daunting task for traditional exhaustive search techniques due to the extremely large number of circuitry possibilities. For this reason, more intelligent search techniques are needed. This paper presents and evaluates a novel optimization system, called ISHED1 (Intelligent System for Heat Exchanger Design). This system uses...

A novel hydrodynamic-driven stability analysis is presented for surface patterns on speleothems, i.e., secondary sedimentary cave deposits, by coupling fluid dynamics to the geochemistry of calcite precipitation or dissolution. Falling film theory provides the solution for the flow-field and depth perturbations, the latter being crucial to triggering patterns known as crenulations. In a wide ra...

While carbon films are highly desirable for supporting specimens for electron microscopy, the difficulty in preparing them prevents their routine use in many laboratories. The usual method employed is to coat the grids with a plastic film which is then coated with carbon in an evaporator, followed by removal of the plastic with a suitable solvent (6). Satisfactorily removing the plastic film wi...

Use of angle iron separators in two evaporator vessels at Darnall resulted in a marked reduction in entrainment rates. Efficiencies in excess of 90% were observed with negligible pressure differential across the separator. Separator efficiency can be evaluated rapidly by using a centrally based Auto-Analyser. Introduction To avoid sugar losses by entrainment, all evaporator vessels are fitted w...

In the article, a model of rotary-film evaporator with film-forming element, which has heated reflective surface, was investigated. Such solution proposed to stabilize hydraulic movement cut off wave flow due surface certain geometric shape for forced direction raw material heating surface. Autonomous reflecting additionally provides temperature effect in conditions particles after cutting. As ...