The peroxisome proliferators-activated receptor-gamma coactivator-1alpha (PGC-1alpha) was investigated as a candidate gene for growth and fatness traits in chicken because of its prominent role in muscle fiber specialization and adipogenesis. A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) from G to A at position 646 of the open reading frame of chicken PGC-1alpha gene causing an Asp216Asn amino acid su...

Th e aim of the study was to compare carcass traits between Cika and Brown cattle of all slaughter categories. Th e data used were collected in Slovenian slaughterhouses from 2007 to 2010. Aft er the slaughter carcass weight was recorded and carcass conformation and fatness were scored according to the EUROP system. Net daily gain was calculated. Data were analysed by GLM procedure of statistic...

The agouti related protein (AgRP) exerts its anabolic effects on food intake by antagonising the alpha-melanocyte stimulating hormone (alpha-MSH) at its receptors, melanocortin receptors 3 and 4 (MC3R and MC4R). A single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the promoter of the human AgRP (hAgRP), -38C>T, was associated with low body fatness. The -38T allele that was associated with low body fatness...

We examined the contributions of genetic factors and the family environment to human fatness in a sample of 540 adult Danish adoptees who were selected from a population of 3580 and divided into four weight classes: thin, median weight, overweight, and obese. There was a strong relation between the weight class of the adoptees and the body-mass index of their biologic parents - for the mothers,...

Steinitz (1906) gave a remarkably simple and explicit description of the set of all f -vectors f(P ) = (f0, f1, f2) of all 3-dimensional convex polytopes. His result also identifies the simple and the simplicial 3-dimensional polytopes as the only extreme cases. Moreover, it can be extended to strongly regular CW 2-spheres (topological objects), and further to Eulerian lattices of length 4 (com...

STUDY OBJECTIVE To examine the associations of social and biological factors with measures of obesity in children. DESIGN The study had a cross sectional design. SETTING The analyses were based on data from two national study of health and growth cross sectional surveys. The "representative sample" comprised 1990 data from 22 English areas and 1990-91 data from 14 Scottish areas; the "inner...

Association of fatness with chronic metabolic diseases is a well-established fact, and a high prevalence of risk factors for these disorders has increasingly been reported in the third world. In order to incorporate any preventive strategies for such risk factors into clinical practice, decision-makers require objective evidence about the associated burden of disease. A cross-sectional study of...

OBJECTIVE To establish in children whether inactivity is the cause of fatness or fatness the cause of inactivity. DESIGN A non-intervention prospective cohort study examining children annually from 7 to 10 years. Baseline versus change to follow-up associations were used to examine the direction of causality. SETTING Plymouth, England. PARTICIPANTS 202 children (53% boys, 25% overweight/o...

Body fat and maturation both influence cardiorespiratory fitness, however few studies have taken these variables into account when using field tests to predict children's fitness levels. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between two field tests of cardiorespiratory fitness (20 m Maximal Multistage Shuttle Run [20-MST], 550 m distance run [550-m]) and direct measurement...