The validity of using rare earth elements as flow markers of undigested residues was evaluated by comparing mean gastrointestinal residence time (GMRT) of rare earths specifically applied to cottonseed hulls (CSH) to that of the indigestible fiber of CSH. Feces were collected from five lambs fed a mineral supplemented diet of CSH containing 52 g CP/kg DM and five lambs fed a CSH plus cottonseed...

Cellular retinol-binding protein, type II (CRBPII) is abundantly expressed in the small intestinal epithelial cells and plays a pivotal role in intestinal absorption and metabolism of retinol and beta-carotene. In the 5'-flanking region of rat CRBPII gene, two DR-1 type elements which consist of a direct repeat of the AGGTCA-like motif spaced by a single nucleotide have been identified as putat...

Optimal productivity of S. cerevisiae cultures can be achieved through the regulation of the ethanol concentration at a low value. In this study, a robust control strategy is developed, which requires very little knowledge about the process, i.e. only one yield coefficient and the on-line measurement of the ethanol concentration. A Youla parametrization is selected in order to reject asymptotic...

A process comprising two-step fed-batch cultivation has been investigated for the production of ectoines using the halophilic bacterium Halomonas boliviensis DSM 15516(T). The first cultivation was performed under optimal conditions for cell growth and resulted in cell mass concentration of about 41 g l(-1) after 24 h of cultivation. During the second cultivation at higher salt concentration, a...

The present study was designed for the production and optimization of the C12-C14 sophorolipid, using the yeast Candida bombicola ATCC-22214. The fermentation was carried under fed-batch culture conditions i.e., maintaining 15% coconut oil and 10% glucose as hydrophobic and hydrophilic carbon sources, respectively. A maximum yield 54.0 g/L (in 234 h) was achieved. A significant antimicrobial ac...

In monitoring and controlling wastewater treatment processes, on-line information of nutrient dynamics is very important. However, these variables are determined with a significant time delay. Although the final effluent quality can be analyzed after this delay, it is often too late to make proper adjustments. In this paper, a neural network approach, a software sensor, was proposed to overcome...

Concentrations of 22 elements in pinewood were compared with that in frass produced by insects representing the following taxa: Reticulitermes spp. (Rhinotermitidae), Zootermopsis nevadensis (Termopsidae), Incisitermes snyderi (Kalotermitidae), Hylotrupes spp. (Cerambycidae), Heterobostrychus spp. (Bostrichidae), Lyctus spp. (Bostrichidae), and representatives of the family Ptinidae (formerly A...

In 1938 Marcus Rhodes provided the first genetic description of an unstable mutation, an allele of a gene required for the production of pigment in maize. This instability resulted in a variegated phenotype. Variegation describes irregular patterns of pigmentation and reflects changes in the expression of genes that control pigment production. Rhodes defined two genes required for this instabil...

This paper discusses parallel algorithm of memory neuron networks for identification of nonlinear dynamical systems. These are a class of recurrent networks obtained by adding trainable temporal elements to feed-forward networks that makes the output history-sensitive. By virtue of this capability, these networks can identify nonlinear dynamical systems without having to be explicitly fed past ...

When a coronary artery moves, the wall has to change shape. Thus in each cardiac cycle some regions of the wall contract and some dilate. The stress on the coronary wall during ventricular contractions can be calculated by tracking elements in the arterial wall throughout the cycle and calculating their deformation. The method employs a 3D reconstruction process to generate model input for a st...