An unusual set of submembrane particles is obtained from digitonintreated barley chloroplasts as five gel-electrophoretic zones. Four of them are photochemically active, whereas the most mobile fifth zone has essential traits of the light-harvesting complexes. All of the particles contain the well-known chlorophyll-protein complexes and represent an intermediate level of membrane organization. ...

Plant roots represent an important food source for soil-dwelling animals, but tracking herbivore food choices below-ground is difficult. Here, we present an optimized PCR assay for the detection of plant DNA in the guts of invertebrates, using general plant primers targeting the trnT-F chloroplast DNA region. Based on this assay, we assessed the influence of plant identity on the detectability ...

Proteinase inhibitors provide a means of engineering plant resistance to insect pests. A Beta vulgaris serine proteinase inhibitor gene (BvSTI) was fused to the constitutive CaMV35S promoter for over-expression in Nicotiana benthamiana plants to study its effect on lepidopteran insect pests. Independently derived BvSTI transgenic tobacco T2 homozygous progeny were shown to have relatively high ...

Zataria multiflora is well known to middle-east, Iran, Afghanistan and Pakistan where, it is cultivated only in warm areas. The objective of this article focused on this issue whether Zataria multiflora Boiss has effect on haematological and Growth parameters of Oncorhynchus mykiss. One hundred and twenty healthy finger ling fish, Oncorhynchus mykiss (mean weight 4.3 g) were commercially obtain...

For thousands of years, one of our many gifts from the Earth has been medicines to treat a myriad of ailments. In the developed world, approximately 25% of prescription products are derived from higher plants, and in the developing world, over 80% of the population relies on plants, in the form of traditional medicine, for their primary health care. In 2050, the Earth will have a population of ...

We report the engineering of the surface of the tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) virion with a mosquito decapeptide hormone, trypsin-modulating oostatic factor (TMOF). The TMV coat protein (CP) was fused to TMOF at the C terminus by using a read-through, leaky stop codon that facilitated expression of CP and chimeric CP-TMOF (20:1 ratio) that were coassembled into virus particles in infected Nicotian...

Rats were fed, from weaning through 11 weeks of age, dried leaf tissue of corn plants grown on soil amended with regular NPK fertilizer (150-22-62), with 33.6 ad 67.2 metric ton/ha of sewage sludge or with salts of cadmium (10kg/ha), lead (25kg/ha), and/or zinc (50kg/ha). A very high proportion of the cadmium (cd) consumed was eliminated in feces. Only in rats fed diets containing leaf tissue f...

The present study emphasizes to measure the gross and net primary productivity of productive freshwater fish culture pond and a nonproductive one and also studied the qualitative and quantitative analysis of the primary producers of the sewage fed fishpond in relation to the production efficiency of phytoplankton. The fertility of any natural water body depends on the productivity of the green ...