Two trials were conducted to determine the effect of air velocity on feed and water consumption at a constant temperature of 27 C and a daily cyclic temperature of 22-32-22 C. Air velocity over the broilers was <15 or 120 m/min. These temperature and air velocity treatments were arranged in a 2 x 2 factorial design in eight environmental chambers, with two replications of each treatment. The ai...

Monochloramine disinfection of municipal water supplies is associated with decreased risk for Legionnaires' disease. We conducted a 2-year, prospective, environmental study to evaluate whether converting from chlorine to monochloramine for water disinfection would decrease Legionella colonization of hot water systems. Water and biofilm samples from 53 buildings were collected for Legionella cul...

A straightforward framework for identifying key design parameters and determining their values for a site-built integrated collector storage solar water heater (ICSSWH) under uncertainty is developed. The framework is then used to evaluate the design for a ICSSWH, which uses locally available materials and can be assembled by builders without specialized training in solar system construction. I...

The effects of different levels of maltose on feed pellet water stability and nutrient leaching were studied. Five treatments, including control with three replicates with setup (0.0, 20, 25, 30 and 35%). Pellet leaching rates were used to indicate pellet water stability. The results show that the presence of maltose in the diets significantly improved pellet water stability (p<0.05), but the l...

The objective of this study was to investigate coliform counts in feedlot cattle water and feed rations and their associations with management, climate, fecal material, and water Escherichia coli O157 using a cross-sectional study design. Coliform counts were performed on feed samples from 671 pens on 70 feedlots and on water samples from 702 pens on 72 feedlots in four U.S. states collected be...

A trial was conducted with 60 steers (257 kg) to determine the influence of prefast feed intake on recovery from feed and water deprivation. For 3 d, steers were fed a 35% roughage diet at 1 (LI) or 1.75% (MI) of body weight or ad libitum (AL). Steers were then deprived of feed and water for 24 h, limit-fed and watered for 24 h, deprived of feed and water for 48 h and then allowed ad libitum fe...

Introduction Water constitute about 60-80% of body weight of a chicken. Underground water in many parts of the country is saline in nature (1). A poor quality of drinking water may result in wet droppings and decreased feed efficiency. Aflatoxins (AF) are the most common contaminants of animal feed and feedstuffs. There are reports describing the interaction of aflatoxins with other substances....

There is a lack of information pertaining to the effects of transport stress on the acid-base physiology of ruminants. The effect of transportation and/or feed and water deprivation on acid-base balance was studied using 19 2-yr-old Bos indicus steers. The steers were allocated to one of three groups: 1) control, offered ad libitum access to feed and water (n = 8); 2) water and feed deprived, o...

&lt;em&gt;Solar water heater is a device that uses solar collectors to absorb radiation and convert it into heat energy water. The type of collector the flow rate used affect thermal efficiency heater. This research with serpentine configuration copper pipe material applies 1 lpm. purpose this determine effect on produced by configuration. quantitative research, experimental methods. was conduc...