We recently established 2 mouse lines with different susceptibilities (prone and resistant) to high-fat diet (HFD)-induced glucose intolerance by selective breeding (designated selectively bred diet-induced glucose intolerance-prone [SDG-P] and -resistant [SDG-R], respectively). In the present study, we analyzed transgenerational changes in metabolic phenotypes in these 2 mouse colonies to expl...

OBJECTIVE To describe the results of utilizing a human milk-based human milk fortifier (HMHMF) as rescue therapy to meet nutritional requirements in very low birth weight and preterm infants demonstrating feeding intolerance to bovine-based human milk fortifier (BHMF) in the Canadian Neonatal Intensive Care Unit (NICU) setting. MATERIALS AND METHODS At two Level III NICUs in Winnipeg, MB, Can...

Enteral feeding has become an invaluable treatment in both the hospital and home setting. However, it is not without complications, the commonest of which is diarrhoea. This occurs in up to 25% of patients on general wards and 63% of patients on intensive care units. 5 Diarrhoea not only limits the eYcacy of enteral feeding, but also adds to potential complications, distresses both patients and...

Aging is associated with reduced ability to maintain normal glucose homeostasis. It has been suggested that an age-associated increase in chronic pro-inflammatory state could drive this reduction in glucoregulatory function. Thioredoxins (Trx) are oxido-reductase enzymes that play an important role in the regulation of oxidative stress and inflammation. In this study, we tested whether overexpr...

MECHANICALLY VENTIlated patients cannot eat normally and if not fed for long periods become malnourished. Because malnutrition is associated with poor outcomes in critically ill patients, artificial nutrition is often provided, especially in those with acute lung injury (ALI) and with expected longer duration of mechanical ventilation. When feasible, enteral nutrition targeting full caloric nee...

High-fat feeding for 3-4 days impairs glucose tolerance and hepatic insulin sensitivity. However, it remains unclear whether the evolving hepatic insulin resistance is due to acute lipid overload or the result of induced adipose tissue inflammation and consequent dysfunctional adipose tissue-liver cross-talk. In the present study, feeding C57Bl6/J mice a fat-enriched diet [high-fat diet (HFD)] ...

High fructose consumption is associated with insulin resistance and diabetic dyslipidemia, but the underlying mechanism is unclear. We show in hamsters that high fructose feeding stimulated FoxO1 production and promoted its nuclear redistribution in liver, correlating with augmented apoC-III production and impaired triglyceride metabolism. High fructose feeding upregulated PGC-1β and SREBP-1c e...

All domains of life feature diverse molecular clock machineries that synchronize physiological processes to diurnal environmental fluctuations. However, no mechanisms are known to cross-regulate prokaryotic and eukaryotic circadian rhythms in multikingdom ecosystems. Here, we show that the intestinal microbiota, in both mice and humans, exhibits diurnal oscillations that are influenced by feedi...

BACKGROUND The purpose of this study was to evaluate the daily feeding practice of enterally fed patients in an intensive care unit (ICU) and to study the impact of preset factors in reaching predefined optimal nutritional goals. METHODS The feeding practice of all ICU patients receiving enteral nutrition for at least 48 hours was recorded during a 1-year period. Actual intake was expressed a...

We investigated the extent to which increases in glucose utilization indices (GUIs) in individual skeletal muscles during chow re-feeding after 6 h, 24 h or 48 h starvation are related to the antecedent duration of starvation. Chow re-feeding after either acute or prolonged starvation led to an increase in glucose disposal by the muscle mass. Glucose intolerance after prolonged starvation was n...