The biodegradation of 4-octylphenoxyacetic acid (OP1EC) was studied in laboratory columns to determine the residual concentration that can persist during groundwater recharge or transport. Biofilm models predict residual concentrations are independent of the initial concentration and residence time. Two column trains, constructed with glass beads and providing a residence time of 280 min were f...

Pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO) is a promising source of renewable energy when hypersaline brines and other high concentration solutions are used. However, membrane performance under conditions suitable for these solutions is poorly understood. In this work, we use a new method to characterize membranes under a variety of pressures and concentrations, including hydraulic pressures up to 48.3 ba...

This paper reports on the performance fluctuations during the operation of a batteryless hybrid ultrafiltration--nanofiltration/reverse osmosis (UF-NF/RO) membrane desalination system powered by photovoltaics treating brackish groundwater in outback Australia. The renewable energy powered membrane (RE-membrane) system is designed to supply clean drinking water to a remote community of about 50 ...

A pilot system was designed and constructed to evaluate reverse osmosis (RO) energy reduction that can be achieved using pressure-retarded osmosis (PRO). The RO-PRO experimental system is the first known system to utilize energy from a volume of water transferred from atmospheric pressure to elevated pressure across a semipermeable membrane to prepressurize RO feedwater. In other words, the sys...

An organic Rankine cycle (ORC) is often used in waste heat recovery applications. These are typically small-scale applications where cycle thermal efficiency is low, and the benefits of traditional cycle enhancements (such as reheat stages or feed-water heaters) do not typically outweigh the costs required to implement them. An ORC with flooded expansion and internal heat regeneration is an alt...

Ketel uap adalah alat untuk menghasilkan air yang akan digunakan pemanasan atau tenaga gerak. Fungsi utama boiler di kapal uap. Salah satu komponen sistem economizer awal feedwater. Selain itu bermanfaat menghemat penggunaan bahan bakar dengan mengambil panas gas buang (flues gas) sebelum terbuang ke atmosfer. Adapun tujuan penelitian ini mengetahui pengaruh temperature terhadap efisiensi ketel...

The potential for concentrated fertilizer to drive water recovery via forward osmosis has received increased attention in recent years. Questions remain however about the quantities of that can be recovered from batch processes, and how significant volumes are relative overall balance crops. In this study, we establish thermodynamic practical limits recovering a process, thereby provide insight...