The aim of this study is to measure human mitochondrial sequence variability in the relatively slowly evolving mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase subunit II (CO11 ) and to estimate when the the human common ancestral mitochondrial type existed. New CO11 gene sequences were determined for five humans (Homo sapiens), including some of the most mitochondrially divergent humans known; for two py...

The species in the repleta group of the genus Drosophila have been placed into five subgroups-the mulleri, hydei, mercatorum, repleta, and fasciola subgroups. Each subgroup has been further subdivided into complexes and clusters. Extensive morphological and cytological analyses of the members of this species group have formed the foundation for the proposed relationships among the members of th...

The present study explored the intraspecific genetic diversity, dispersal patterns and phylogeographic relationships of Culex quinquefasciatus Say (Diptera: Culicidae) in Malaysia using reference data available in GenBank in order to reveal this species' phylogenetic relationships. A statistical parsimony network of 70 taxa aligned as 624 characters of the cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) g...

The asymmetric unit of the title compound, [Co(NO3)2L] n , L = N-(pyridine-2-ylmeth-yl)pyridine-3-amine (C11H11N3), contains one CoII centre, two nitrate anions and one L ligand in which the Cpy-C-N-Cpy moiety adopts a trans conformation with a torsion angle of -173.1 (3) Å. The coordination geometry of the CoII atom is a distorted penta-gonal bipyramid. One amine N atom from the L ligand and f...

reaction mechanism among indoline-2,3-dione, pyrrolidine-2-carboxylic acid and (z)-2-(1-(2-hydroxynaphthalen-1-yl)ethylidene)hydroxycarboxamide to form 1’-((((aminooxy)carbonyl)amino)methyl)-2’-(1-hydroxynaphthalen-2-yl)-2’-methyl-1’,2’,5’,6’,7’,7a’-hexahydrospiro[indoline-3,3’-pyrrolo[1,2-a]imidazole-2-one was investigated using density functional theory (dft) at b3lyp basis theory. the three-...

The photocatalytic CO2 reduction into value-added chemicals is regarded as one promising technology to mitigate environmental issues and the energy crisis of modern world due extended emissions. Recent advances have shown that iron porphyrins are considered most efficient molecular catalysts in activation molecules like CO2. Thus, a suitably modified FeIII porphyrin ([FeIII(TF4TMAP)](CF3SO3)5) ...

The linear, two-coordinate and isostructural heteroleptic [M(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}] (IPr = 1,3-bis(diisopropylphenyl)-imidazol-2-ylidene), formally MI complexes (M = Co, 3; Fe, 4) were obtained by the reduction of [M(IPr)Cl{N(SiMe3)2}] with KC8, or [Co(IPr){N(SiMe3)2}2] with mes*PH2, mes* = 2,4,6-tBu3C6H2. The magnetism of 3 and 4 implies CoII and FeII centres coupled to one ligand-delocalized electr...

2-Ynamides can be synthesised through PdII catalysed oxidative carbonylation, utilising low catalyst loadings. A variety of alkynes and amines can be used to afford 2-ynamides in high yields, whilst overcoming the drawbacks associated with previous oxidative methods, which rely on dangerous solvents and gas mixtures. The use of [NBu4 ]I allows the utilisation of the industrially recommended sol...