Background: The placenta plays a crucial role in sustaining pregnancy and supporting healthy foetal growth function. Placental morphology predicts illness patterns adults development. Birth weight is significant predictor of child's survival, development, growth. connection between birth perinatal outcome has long been understood obstetrics. As generally known, low known risk factor for the lon...

OBJECTIVES To evaluate the accuracy of gestation-adjusted birth-weight estimation using a three-dimensional (3D) fractional thigh volume (TVol) method in pregnant women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), and to compare it with the conventional two-dimensional method of Hadlock et al. METHODS Pregnant women with GDM were referred at 34 to 36 + 6 weeks' gestation for ultrasound examinati...

This editorial article reviews some of the mathematical foundations which form the basis of ultrasound screening for fetal growth anomalies and the estimation of gestational age in the first trimester. Recent developments are discussed including individually fitted crown rump length (CRL) curves, customized antenatal growth charts, fetal growth velocity, and computer simulation for fetal growth...

Ontogeny of fetal hepatic and placental growth and in vitro oxygen consumption (VO2) was investigated in fetal lambs at 75, 100, and 136 days postconception. Fetal hepatic relative weight and placental absolute and relative weights declined during this period. Oxygen consumption per gram dry weight of fetal liver and maternal placenta declined between mid and late gestation while fetal placenta...

Leptin, an adipocyte-derived factor, has multiple biological roles including mitogenesis. We investigated the effect of normal development, acute and chronic hyperglycemia and hypoglycemia, and selective acute hyperglycemia, or hyperinsulinemia, on fetal ovine white adipose tissue (WAT) leptin mRNA concentrations. Leptin mRNA amounts expressed as a ratio to the internal control ribosomal S2 mRN...

Fetal growth restriction or intrauterine growth restriction is one of the leading causes of perinatal mortality and morbidity in newborns. Fetal growth restriction is a complex multifactorial condition resulting from several fetal and maternal disorders. The objective of this study was twofold: first to examine the correlation between maternal parameters such as body mass index (BMI), nutrition...

BACKGROUND Maternal smoking during pregnancy is linked to reduced birth weight but the gestation at onset of this relationship is not certain. We present a systematic review of the literature describing associations between maternal smoking during pregnancy and ultrasound measurements of fetal size, together with an accompanying meta-analysis. METHODS Studies were selected from electronic dat...

BACKGROUND It is a common practice to use a singleton fetal growth standard to assess twin growth. We aim to create a twin fetal weight standard which is also adjustable for race/ethnicity and other factors. METHODS Over half a million twin births of low risk pregnancies in the US, from 1995 to 2004, were used to construct a fetal weight standard. We used the Hadlock's fetal growth standard a...