BACKGROUND The present study used cluster analysis procedures to identify empirically subgroups of patients with social phobia in a large clinical sample. METHOD The Liebowitz Social Anxiety Scale (LSAS) was administered to 382 patients from several studies of the treatment of social phobia. LSAS fear ratings were summed into four subscale scores (social interaction, public speaking, observat...

Cognitive-behavioral treatments have demonstrated efficacy in the treatment of social phobia. However, such treatments comprise a complex set of procedures, and there has been little investigation of the effects of individual procedures. The current study investigates the effects of two single session procedures that form part of cognitive therapy for social phobia [Clark, D., Ehlers, A., McMan...

The present study was carried out to explore the relation between BII phobia and dental phobia. An additional aim was to determine the fainting tendency of dental phobics and BII phobics during an invasive treatment procedure. Participants were 63 patients undergoing treatment in a dental fear clinic, and 173 patients undergoing dental surgery in a university hospital. They completed measures o...

Phobias are characterized by excessive fear, cued by the presence or anticipation of a fearful situation. Whereas it is well established that glucocorticoids are released in fearful situations, it is not known whether these hormones, in turn, modulate perceived fear. As extensive evidence indicates that elevated glucocorticoid levels impair the retrieval of emotionally arousing information, the...

OBJECTIVE To analyse the severity of various symptoms and the developmental life history in social phobia. To estimate the value of ETS in the treatment of chronic social phobia. DESIGN Prospective study. SETTING Clinic for Psychoneurology and Surgery in Tampere, Finland. SUBJECTS Consecutive series of patients (n = 51). INTERVENTIONS Endoscopic thoracic sympathicotomy. MAIN OUTCOME M...

Studies using facial emotional expressions as stimuli partially support the assumption of biased processing of social signals in social phobia. This pilot study explored for the first time whether individuals with social phobia display a processing bias towards emotional prosody. Fifteen individuals with generalized social phobia and fifteen healthy controls (HC) matched for gender, age, and ed...

The Social Phobia and Anxiety Inventory (SPAI) is a commonly used self-report measure of social phobia that has demonstrated adequate reliability, convergent validity, discriminant validity, and criterion-related validity. However, research has yet to address whether this measure functions equivalently in (a) individuals with and without a diagnosis of social phobia and (b) males and females. E...

Flying phobia is a highly prevalent anxiety disorder, which causes sufferers significant distress and life interference. The processes which maintain flying phobia remain poorly understood. A systematic search of the literature was performed to identify what research has been conducted into the processes which may be involved in the fear of flying and whether processes which are believed to mai...

201 © 2008 EMDR International Association DOI: 10.1891/1933-3196.2.3.201 D evelopment-related fears are normal in childhood (Field & Davey, 2001). During infancy, children tend to fear stimuli within their immediate environment such as loud noises, objects, and separation from a caretaker. When, however, a fear continues and is provoked by the presence or anticipation of a certain object or a s...