Abstract Consider the opening sentence of Tolkien’s The Hobbit : (1) In a hole in ground there lived hobbit. By writing this sentence, Tolkien is making fictional statement . There are two influential views nature such statements. On pretense view, discourse amounts to pretend assertions. Since author not really asserting, but merely pretending, as devoid illocutionary force altogether. contras...

This article discusses a puzzle, the heart of which is this question: How it that real individuals can resemble fictional individuals? It seems any answer given by one who has taken stand on ontology will come with significant drawbacks. An Anti-Realist have to explain, or explain away, apparent truth our positive assertions resemblance, while Realist how we are understand resemblance in light ...

The article is concerned with the problem of functional potential fictional text, and its activation in process literary communication. functions terms basic, secondary particular ones have been classified according to their conceptual significance. model text includes seven basic functions; aesthetic, communicative, stylistic, cognitive, social, cultural interpretative, first one playing domin...

A study found that memories of fictional events are similar in vividness and personal importance to autobiographical events.

Meningitis is an inflammation of the meninges, the membranes that cover the central nervous system. The most frequent causes of the disease are viruses and bacteria. In the past, the disease was commonly referred to as "brain fever" or "brain inflammation," and extreme temperatures, sun, rain, mental distress, and other factors were believed to be its potent triggers. By the beginning of the tw...

This article reviews six decades of studies regarding the presentation of violent crime on American television, and its impact. We critically discuss the major findings and analyze the political-public discourse regarding the macro-social effects of fictional and non-fictional televised violent crime. The claim made here is that this discourse created “too much fuss over not too much blame” in ...