We present a model with agency costs where heterogeneous firms raise finance through either bank loans or corporate bonds and where banks are more efficient than the market in resolving informational problems. We document some major long-run differences in corporate finance between the United States and the euro area, and show that our model can explain those differences based on information av...

The main aim of this study is to investigate the extent Islamic finance contribution in real investment promoting by focusing on size instruments such as Almodaraba, profitability, and participation their impact development investment. results show a strong positive relationship between increase size. profitability have effect increasing size, but Almodaraba negative with recommended interest b...

Carbon peak and carbon neutrality is an important strategic measure to tackle climate change of great significance global governance, human development, scientific technological progress. In this paper, we used 3,824 papers in the core collection Web Science from 1991 2022 as a sample, bibliometric analysis CiteSpace, visual knowledge network tool, sort out current status international research...

UN-Habitat suggests that one in every three people in the world will live in “slums” within 30 years. This paper analyses innovations in shelter finance that may help to avoid this situation. The urban poor, both as individual households and in terms of their organized collective capacity, face two very serious constraints. The first is their income poverty and their limited ability to invest i...

When expanding a filtration with stochastic process it is easily possible for semimartingale no longer to remain in the enlarged filtration. Y. Kchia and P. Protter indicated way avoid this pitfall 2015, but they were unable give decomposition except special cases. We provide compute such decomposition, moreover we sufficient condition Itô processes (Corollary 3.7). This can be interpreted term...