Abstract In Germany, wood pellets must fulfill high quality standards to be utilized in small-scale furnaces. According current legislation, i.e., the 1st BImSchV, only EN plus A1–certified may used. Despite these strict requirements, physical fuel parameters can vary within permissible range and variation usually increases due transport storage. Fluctuations have a strong influence on combusti...

In this work, a continuous crystallization process with a fines trap is modeled in an effort to produce tetragonal hen-egg-white (HEW) lysozyme crystals with a desired shape distribution. The crystal shape of tetragonal lysozyme crystals is defined by the aspect ratio of the crystal heights in the direction of the (110) and (101) faces. A kinetic Monte Carlo (kMC) simulation is used to model th...

Punishment may deter antisocial behavior. Yet to punish is costly, and the costs often do not offset the gains that are due to elevated levels of cooperation. However, the effectiveness of punishment depends not only on how costly it is, but also on the circumstances defining the social dilemma. Using the snowdrift game as the basis, we have conducted a series of economic experiments to determi...

Understanding the behavior of sand-fines mixtures and assessing their shear strength or permeability require knowledge influence fine particles content on minimum void ratio. The latter is often evaluated using empirical methods models parameters without physical significance. Validated for both ordered disordered packings concrete mixtures, Theoretical Packing Density Model (TPDM) tested predi...

• Softwood Kraft pulp was successfully activated by mechano-enzymatic treatments. The activation endoglucanase TrCel45A surpassed that LPMO TrAA9A. Dissolution time decreased with increasing fines, fibrillation and porosity. combination of TrAA9A halved the original dissolution time. manufacturing man-made cellulose fibers starts wood fibers. Pulps can dissolve at different rates leave amounts ...

Factors that must be considered in compaction of the soil works were the type of soil material, field control, maintenance and availability of funds. Those problems then raised the idea of how to estimate the density of the soil with a proper implementation system, fast, and economical. This study aims to estimate the compaction parameter i.e. the maximum dry unit weight (γdmax) and optimum wat...

Batch-type experiments were used to study competitive As(V) and P sorption on various soils and sorbent materials. The materials assayed were a forest soil, a vineyard soil, pyritic material, granitic material, coarsely and finely ground mussel shell, calcinated mussel shell ash, pine sawdust and slate processing fines. Competition between As(V) and P was pronounced in the case of both soils, g...

During the last decade, major efforts have been made to develop adequate and commercially viable processes for disintegrating cellulose fibres into their structural components. Homogenisation of cellulose fibres has been one of the principal applied procedures. Homogenisation has produced materials which may be inhomogeneous, containing fibres, fibres fragments, fibrillar fines and nanofibrils....

We study antitrust enforcement in which the fine must obey four legal principles: punishments should fit the crime, proportionality, bankruptcy considerations, and minimum fines. We integrate these legal principles into an infinitely-repeated oligopoly model. Bankruptcy considerations ensure abnormal cartel profits. We derive the optimal fine schedule that achieves maximal social welfare under ...