Background Two fire ignitions in Pedrógão Grande on 7 June 2017 had very fast due to unusual physical processes associated with the interaction between an overhead thunderstorm and subsequent merging of fires as a junction fire, killing 66 persons 2 h.Aims Using laboratory simulation process, we explain spread conditions verify that two was responsible for intense development.Methods The real r...

Underground fires are still one of the most significant risks in mines today. In order to manage this risk, it is necessary know potential evolution a fire and effects can have on people other objects. Ventilation plays an essential role development fire; also influences propagation toxic fumes variation temperatures all areas mine. Currently, possible jointly analyze, through numerical modelin...

A design-oriented numerical model for the analysis of RC, FRC, and RC-FRC tunnel sections exposed to fire with different spalling parameters is presented. The conceived in two steps: first determination temperature field cross-section according parameters; second bearing capacity based on thermal section. At last, a parametric study was conducted evaluate effect curve, parameters, reinforcement...

• Thermo-mechanical model of shield tunnel segmental joint in fire is proposed and verified. Heat flow invading through the discussed quantified. Bolt location axial load are both critical for safety. The most component determining mechanical response concrete linings a shield-tunnel structure. Existing models have been developed mainly analysis lining design, but event fire, conditions that ma...

A review of literature related to fire evacuation in underground transportation systems, e.g., tunnels and subway stations, was carried out with the objectives (1) to identify a theoretical framework that can help understand of human behaviour in the event of a fire in underground transportation systems, (2) to use the theoretical framework to analyse and to identify problems related to fire ev...

During the past thirty years concrete has developed enormously in both strength and durability. A downside of these improvements is the increased risk of explosive spalling in case of fire. The moisture inside the concrete plays an important role in this spalling mechanism. As the temperature is increasing during a fire the water will start to boil in the concrete. However due to its low permea...

Shrub encroachment in arid and semiarid rangelands, a worldwide phenomenon, results in a heterogeneous landscape characterized by a mosaic of nutrient-depleted barren soil bordered by nutrient-enriched shrubby areas known as ‘‘fertile islands.’’ Even though shrub encroachment is considered as a major contributor to rangeland degradation, little is known about mechanisms favoring the reversibili...

The large amount of computing resources required for the simulation complex natural processes demands a thorough analysis efficiency calculations and conditions that influence it. This study investigates aspects fire conducted on compute cluster. Current simulators based principles computational fluid dynamics are capable to realistically model majority phenomena related fire. Fire simulations ...

Fully or partially sealing the openings of tunnels to accelerate self-extinction fires provides a promising firefighting tactic beat large in long tunnel. So far, most experimental studies on characteristics fire with different ratios have been conducted reduced-scale tunnels. However, whether findings tunnel can be converted its full-scale prototype based scaling laws has not yet adequately st...

A combined imaging system that can monitor the visible flame, invisible hot flow, flame temperature and surface was developed to investigate combustion of wooden rods inclined at 30° under forced air flow. micro wind tunnel is designed generate flow an angle with fire rod. It found a low-speed enhance burning lifetime charring rate, while high speed decrease intensity combustion. There were thr...