Chapter 12 presents the technical analysis of both expansionary/contractionary fiscal/monetary policy or their policy mix in the framework of Keynesian Theory. As you’ll see in Chapter 13, both Fiscal and Monetary Policies are used to target aggregate expenditure (called aggregate demand when price level is allowed to float)so as to change the equilibrium level of income.Remember, all the concl...

This paper extends the two-class monetary growth model by incorporating fiscal activity along the lines of Pasinetti (Cambridge J. Econ. 13, 25–36). Despite this extension, the Cambridge equation is found to be one of long-run equilibria. It is shown that Fiscal policy decreases the accumulation of capital, through an increase in the proportional tax on profits. An inflationary monetary policy ...

We examine global economic dynamics under learning in a New Keynesian model in which the interest-rate rule is subject to the zero lower bound. Under normal monetary and fiscal policy, the intended steady state is locally but not globally stable. Large pessimistic shocks to expectations can lead to deflationary spirals with falling prices and falling output. To avoid this outcome we recommend a...

On using monetary policy for macro-economic regulation, after the 1930s Great Depression when effective demand insufficiency emerges, Keynesianism proposes that proactive fiscal and easy monetary policies shall be introduced. His proposal is later adopted in Roosevelt’s New Deal, which greatly help USA climb out of economy recession and achieve prosperity over 20 years. After sub-prime mortgage...

Based on the hypothesis that rules of monetary and fiscal policy in Brazil may have been subject to different regimes, present study applies Leeper model (1991 2005) identify chronology regimes terms their active passive character. The are estimated using Markov-switching model, with a monthly database from November 2002 December 2015, which endogenously determined. results obtained indicate do...

When the zero lower bound on nominal interest rates binds, monetary policy cannot provide appropriate stimulus. We show that in the standard New Keynesian model, tax policy can deliver such stimulus at no cost and in a time-consistent manner. There is no need to use ine¢ cient policies such as wasteful public spending or future commitments to in‡ate. We conclude that in the New Keynesian model,...

The paper shows that common fiscal rules, such as a limit to the deficit-output ratio, induce an ‘‘escape clause’’–type fiscal policy, similar to that studied for monetary policy by Flood and Isard (1988 and 1989) and Lohmann (1992): The government resorts to an active stabilization (for example, countercyclical) policy only during ‘‘exceptional times’’ by running deficits in recession phases a...

India’s expansionary fiscal policy during the recent crisis resulted in higher government borrowing through 2008–09 and 2009–10. This borrowing requirement came in about 83% above the budget estimate in 2008–09, and 65% above the previous year in 2009–10. The debt-to-GDP ratio rose from 69% before the recent global financial crisis to 73% in 2010, creating a severe challenge for the Reserve Ban...

Both monetary and fiscal instruments have been continuously and rather systematically used in Swedish stabilization policy during the entire postwar period. The policy has relied mainly on rather conventional "Keynesian" tools of fiscal and monetary policy: variations in public spending and taxation, interest rate variations, and attempts to influence the supply of credit and money. It may be o...