the purpose of this paper is to evaluate the effect of financial liberalization on exchange rate volatilities of the selected developing countries, which are now known as liberalizing countries. thus we test the hypothesis in which financial liberalization effect exchange rate volatilities in 43 selected developing countries during 1996-2005. accordingly, a regression model of exchange rate vol...

Abstract This paper examines the impact of COVID-19 pandemic on gross fixed capital formation across euro area. The empirical analysis suggests that intensity lockdown measures to contain spread virus and country-specific structure economy along with other traditional drivers, in particular falling output, can explain a large part contraction. bold policy response at national EU level mitigated...

Haze has become an urgent problem for China’s highly populated cities. Regional collaboration is an effective method for controlling air pollution. Because air pollution diffuses freely, it is necessary to distribute the responsibility for pollution with a common and differentiated rule. Based on a multiregional input-output model, this article calculated the PM2.5 emissions embodied in provinc...

This paper examines how devaluations affect the relative cost of labor and capital and therefore influence production levels, profitability, investment decisions, and stock returns for firms in the “crisis” country as well as competitors in the rest of the world. The paper develops these ideas in a small, open-economy model and then performs a series of empirical tests using information for abo...