background: nowadays, oocytes and embryos vitrification has become a routine technique. based on clinical judgment, re-vitrification maybe required. but little is known about re-vitrification impact on genes expression. objective: the impact of re-vitrification on apoptotic and implanting genes, bax, bcl-2 and erbb4, at compaction stage embryos were evaluated in this study. materials and method...

We have previously demonstrated that the globular head of the hemagglutinin (HA) antigen fused to flagellin of Salmonella typhimurium fljB (STF2, a TLR5 ligand) elicits protective immunity to H1N1 and H5N1 lethal influenza infections in mice (Song et al., 2008, PLoS ONE 3, e2257; Song et al., 2009, Vaccine 27, 5875-5888). These fusion proteins can be efficiently and economically manufactured in...

BACKGROUND Salmonella enterica subspecies enterica serovar Typhimurium is a gram-negative pathogen causing salmonellosis. Salmonella Typhimurium-targeting bacteriophages have been proposed as an alternative biocontrol agent to antibiotics. To further understand infection and interaction mechanisms between the host strains and the bacteriophages, the receptor diversity of these phages needs to b...

The prevalence, among human clinical cases, of Salmonella enterica serotype 4,5,12:i:-, a serotype antigenically similar to Salmonella enterica serotype Typhimurium but lacking second-phase flagellar antigens, has increased considerably over the last 10 years. To probe the evolution and ecology of this emerging serotype, we characterized 190 Salmonella isolates initially classified as Salmonell...

The Gram-negative, enteropathogen Salmonella enterica serovar Typhimurium (S. Typhimurium) is exposed to various stress conditions during pathogenesis, of which acid stress serves as a major defense mechanism in the host. Such environments are encountered in the stomach and Salmonella containing vacuole of phagocytic and non-phagocytic cells. It is only recently that small RNAs (sRNAs) have com...

Introduction: Calf diarrhea is one of the significant problems in dairy farms associated with treatment costs and reduced livestock production. Salmonellae are among the most common and the major causative agents of diarrhea in calves and humans. The present study was carried out to isolate and identify Salmonella in fecal samples of calves in industrial dairy farms of Hamedan and to determine ...

introduction: hyperprolactinemia is a common serious side effect of antipsychotic medications that are currently used in the treatment of patients with schizophrenia. pharmacogenetic approaches offer the possibility of identifying patient-specific biomarkers for predicting the risk of this side effect. we investigated a possible relationship between variants (snps) in genes for cytochrome 2d6 (...

background: niche cells, regulating spermatogonial stem cells (sscs) fate are believed to have a reciprocal communication with sscs. the present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of ssc elimination on the gene expression of glial cell line-derived neurotrophic factor (gdnf), fibroblast growth factor 2 (fgf2) and kit ligand (kitlg), which are the main growth factors regulating sscs deve...

background: one of the most important producers of high quality industrial enzymes is the gram-positive bacterium, bacillus subtilis (b. subtilis). one major limitation that hinders the wide application of b. subtilis is the secretion of high levels of extracellular proteases which degrade the secreted foreign proteins. in this study, homologus recombination technique was used to knock out its ...