NREL's thermochemical biomass conversion research is focused on ex-situ upgrading of fast-pyrolysis (FP) vapors as an efficient route to completely biogenic pyrolysis-based fuel precursors, fuels, and value-added chemicals depending catalyst process conditions. A near term pathway being developed uses these liquids for co-processing with petroleum feedstocks assess carbon incorporation in hydro...

The kinetics of palm oil catalytic cracking over aluminum containing mesoporous silica Al-MCM-41 (5% Al) was investigated in a batch autoclave reactor at the temperatures range of 573 – 673 K. The catalyst was prepared by using sol-gel technique and has been characterized by nitrogen adsorption and x-ray diffraction methods. Surface area of 1276 m/g with average pore diameter of 2.54 nm and por...

Catalytic cracking of butene to propylene was carried out in a continuous-flow fixed-bed reactor over HZSM-5 catalysts modified by nickel and phosphorus. The structure and acidity of catalysts were measured by N2 adsorption, NH3-TPD and XPS. The results revealed that surface area and strong acid sites both decreased with increasing phosphorus loadings. The increment of phosphorus loadings reduc...

Calculations of the work required to transform between bcc and fcc phases yield a high-precision bcc-fcc transition line for monodisperse point Yukawa (screened-Coulomb) systems. Our results agree qualitatively but not quantitatively with recently published simulations and phenomenological criteria for the bcc-fcc transition. In particular, the bcc-fcc-fluid triple point lies at a higher invers...

In this paper, a coordinated-distributed model predictive control (MPC) scheme is presented for large-scale discrete-time linear process systems. Coordinated-distributed MPC control aims at enhancing the performance of fully decentralized MPC controllers by achieving the plant-wide optimal operations. The ‘price-driven’ decomposition-coordination method is used to adjust the operations of the i...