In this study, synthetic sulfonated polymers were used in order to enhance the rheological properties of drilling fluids. The capability of these polymers in reducing the effects of environmentally friendly, but harmful, pollutants such as cement, calcium chloride, gypsum as well as pH changes were investigated. In the present work, two sulfonated synthetic polymers, namely Polythin and Polydri...

Reptilian lungs are potentially susceptible to fluid disturbances because they have very high pulmonary fluid filtration rates. In mammals, pulmonary surfactant protects the lung from developing alveolar edema. Reptiles also have an order of magnitude more surfactant per square centimeter of respiratory surface area compared with mammals. We investigated the role of reptilian surfactant 1) in t...

NOVEMBER 2005 P ositioned at various stages during bioprocessing, depth filters are used as prefilters that clarify fluid streams to protect, prolong the life, and increase the efficiency of final (sterilizing) filters, chromatography columns, and other separation technologies. Depth filters are particularly well-suited for use in prefiltration during bioprocessing, removing large contaminants ...

STARLING (1894, 1896) described the basic forces responsible for producing fluid shifts between the circulating blood and the surrounding tissue spaces. On page 324 of his classical article entitled "On the absorption of fluids from the connective tissue spaces," Starling described how capillary pressure determines transudation into the tissues and the osmotic pressure of the proteins determine...

Pulmonary oedema lasting six days occurred in a 68 year old man after sniffing cocaine. He also had evidence of parenteral self-administration of heroin. Pulmonary microvascular filtration pressure and permeability were normal. Delayed resolution of the pulmonary oedema may have been caused by a cocaine-induced impairment of sodium and thus fluid transport across alveolar epithelium. Recognitio...