The performance of four enzyme-linked immunosorbent assays (ELISAs) (ELISA-6939, ELISA-33701, ELISA-VapA, and ELISA-California) and an agar gel immunodiffusion test for diagnosis of Rhodococcus equi pneumonia in foals was evaluated. Antibody concentrations of foals with culture-confirmed R. equi pneumonia (n = 41) were compared to those of age-matched pasturemates that remained clinically healt...

Embryo transfer has become an important reproductive tool in many equine breeding programs throughout the world today. It is commonly utilized to produce multiple foals in a season from a particular mare, to produce foals from mares involved in some other activity such as showing or racing, and to produce foals from mares otherwise unable to successfully carry a foal to term. Surgical embryo tr...

The “Galician Mountain” (GM) horse is an autochthonous crossbred from the North of Spain adapted to an extensive production system. The objective was to study the effect of cross breeding with Hispano-Bretón (HB) and Burguete (B) on productive parameter and dynamics of growth of “Galician Mountain” foals. For this study, thirty-nine foals, twelve from crossing GM×HB and twenty-seven from crossi...

1. Introduction This paper is a basic review of the care of the foal from birth to 30 days of age. It is based on my experience in caring for foals in central Kentucky for the past 18 yr. It is not meant to be an in-depth paper on each abnormality but is meant to be a general review of the most common problems seen in our practice and the manner in which they are routinely handled. Most of the ...

The purpose of this paper was to identify factors that would positively or negatively affect the short-term survival rate of foals with septic arthritis. Medical records of 81 foals (≤seven months of age) with a clinical diagnosis of septic arthritis, referred to the equine hospital at Cornell University Hospital for Animals, between 1994 and 2003 were reviewed. Signalment, age at presentation,...

Clostridium difficile and enterotoxigenic C. perfringens are significant causes of enterocolitis in horses. Based on detection of specific clostridial toxins in fecal samples, C. difficile was associated with 22% and 17% of cases of colitis in adult horses and foals, respectively. Enterotoxigenic C. perfringens was associated with 19% and 29% of cases in adult horses and foals. Incorporation of...

Horses in Iceland have been isolated for more than 1,000 yr but still harbor a similar range of gastrointestinal parasites as do horses across the world. The long isolation and their presumably means that no resistance genes introduced into Parascaris spp. population. It is therefore particular interest to investigate efficacy ivermectin on infecting Icelandic foals. Potential treatment failure...

Osteomyelitis can be caused by trauma in horses of any age or may have a hematogenous origin in foals. Diagnosis of this disease is based on clinical signs, radiographic changes, and laboratory values of protein and inflammatory cells, especially neutrophils. Clinical signs of inflammation may include edema, joint effusion, fever, and pain. Lameness is a variable clinical sign depending on the ...

Rhodococcus equi is an important cause of pneumonia in young horses; however, adult horses are immune due to their ability to mount protective recall responses. In this study, the hypothesis that R. equi-specific cytotoxic T lymphocytes (CTL) are present in the lung of immune horses was tested. Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL)-derived pulmonary T lymphocytes stimulated with R. equi lysed infected a...

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY African horse sickness is an insect-transmitted, noncontagious disease of equids caused by African horse sickness virus (AHSV). Mortality can exceed 90% in fully susceptible horse populations. A live-attenuated (modified live) cell-culture-adapted (MLV) polyvalent AHSV vaccine is widely used to control African horse sickness in endemic areas in southern Africa. Fiel...