During evolution, the effective interactions between re.yidues in a protein can be adjusted through mutations to allow the protein to fold to its native structure on an adequate time scale. We seek to address the question: Are there some structures that can be better optimized than others? Using exhaustive enumeration of the compact conformations of short proteins confined to simple lattices, w...

We study the problem of " phantom " folding of the two-dimensional square lattice, in which the edges and diagonals of each face can be folded. The non-vanishing thermodynamic folding entropy per face s ≃ .2299(1) is estimated both analytically and numerically, by successively mapping the model onto a dense loop model, a spin model and a new 28 Vertex, 4-color model. Higher dimensional generali...

nologyusedasa result of the introductionofphacoemulsification and the development of foldable intraocular lenses, which reduce the size of the sutureless corneal incision to 3.2 mm or less. In our methods section, the exact surgical technique and corneal incision size implemented were defined. To prevent misinterpretation, ‘‘3.2 mm small-incision coaxial phacoemulsification’’ would have been mo...

A 72-year-old man had exchange of a foldable silicone multifocal intraocular lens (IOL) by transection, removal, and monofocal IOL replacement. One month after the exchange, irreversible corneal edema developed and penetrating keratoplasty was performed. At the time of the corneal transplant, a small silicone fragment was discovered in and removed from the anterior chamber. Histologic evaluatio...